TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY EXPOSURE SPREADING VIA HOSPITALS AND SURGICAL PROCEDURES AROUND THE GLOBE

TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY EXPOSURE SPREADING VIA HOSPITALS AND SURGICAL PROCEDURES AROUND THE GLOBE



Mad cow disease warning to 38 patients in Wales

Section Health | Published on 29 Mar 2011

Public Health Wales has contacted 38 patients who may have been put at risk of contracting Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) during surgery.

CJD, an incurable brain disease, is commonly known as a human form of mad cow disease because bovine spongiform encephalopathy is the cause of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans.

Letters were sent to those at risk after it became apparent that a patient who underwent surgery in a hospital in the Abertawe Bro Morgannwg Health Board area in 2007 was at high risk of the disease.

All surgical instruments used on the patient were removed from use when the patient’s history became known, and all patients operated on with the same instruments in the interim have now been informed.

Public Health Wales says that the risk of transmission of CJD from one patient to another via surgical instruments is extremely low. There have only ever been six cases worldwide of any form of CJD being transmitted in this way.

Dr Jörg Hoffmann, Consultant in Communicable Disease Control for Public Health Wales, said: “In this incident, we do not have a single confirmed case of CJD. However, we do have one patient who was at high risk and 38 people at extremely low risk.

“We know that all the surgical instruments used on this group of patients were cleaned, disinfected and sterilised normally. However, it is possible that the proteins that cause CJD, known as prions, survived these routine sterilisation procedures so an extremely small risk of transmission remains.

“We have identified and written to all patients concerned to make them aware of the extremely low risk. They have been offered information and support and a helpline has been set up for anyone who has received a letter and has further questions.

“All patients at risk have been contacted and there is no risk to anybody else. People who have had any type of surgery in the Abertawe Bo Morgannwg Health Board area since 2007 but who have not been contacted by us have no reason at all to worry.”

CJD is a rare disease that affects the structures of the brain and causes incurable neurological symptoms. There is currently no treatment or cure for CJD.

Anyone who is aware they are at increased risk of CJD should not donate blood or organs and should always inform their surgeon or other health care professional before undergoing any health procedure.

More information on CJD is available from the Public Health Wales website at: http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/888/page/43948

http://www.newswales.co.uk/?section=Health&F=1&id=21022


cjd and surgical instruments

http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/888/page/43949


Tulane Medical Center alerts patients after medical gear improperly sterilized

Published: Thursday, March 10, 2011, 9:30 PM

Tulane Medical Center has notified 360 patients that it failed to properly sanitize gastrointestinal scoping equipment used during seven weeks last fall, potentially exposing the group to various infectious diseases.

Dr. Robert Lynch, the hospital’s CEO, acknowledged the error in a Jan. 3 letter that invited affected patients to obtain free screening for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV. The letter, however, characterized the chances of infection as “minimal to non-existent.”

Lynch cited a mistake in one of five steps in its sanitizing protocol and framed the tests as a way “to reassure patients whose procedures were impacted.”

State epidemiologist Dr. Raoult Ratard, who has conferred with Tulane officials about the case, said the chances of the equipment transmitting an infection “would be extremely, extremely small. I think Tulane just wants to be careful.”

That has not satisfied at least one patient, identified as “John Doe” in the lawsuit he filed Feb. 22 in Orleans Parish Civil District Court. The suit, which seeks class-action status, accuses the hospital of negligence and alleges a long list of harmful effects ranging from “mental anguish” to “loss of enjoyment of life.”

According to Lynch’s letter and a follow-up written statement released Thursday, a routine maintenance inspection confirmed that part of the disinfecting procedure for endoscopes and bronchoscopes did not occur at a sufficient temperature. The error persisted from Oct. 7 to Dec. 1 on equipment used for colonoscopies, sigmoidoscopies and upper-endoscopies of the stomach. “Once this was discovered, it was remediated immediately,” Lynch wrote, explaining that the hospital immediately contacted infection control experts, including the Ratard’s unit at the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, infection associated with the use of endoscopes occurs in about 1 in 1.8 million procedures, low odds but enough to make endoscopes the most likely medical device to yield outbreaks associated with health-care institutions.

Neither the letter nor Tulane’s statement detailed its sanitizing procedure.

According to Ratard, the scopes in question cannot be sanitized using steam because of the likelihood of heat damage. Instead, the key step of the cleaning process calls for application of a chemical disinfectant or sterilant for a specified period of time at an elevated temperature. Ratard said the settings on the sanitizer were elevated, but still too low, though he could not recall specifics. He attributed the mistake to human error.

Ratard characterized Tulane’s mistake as “fairly common” in American health care and said the hospital “has handled this by the book” by notifying patients and offering them several rounds of testing, along with follow-up counseling.

Harvey attorney Ron Austin, lead counsel on John Doe’s class-action petition, said the hospital’s admission of error does not mitigate the risk involved for the affected patients.

“This is extremely serious, and it’s unfortunate,” he said. “They are petrified. They are extremely angry. How do you have that conversation with your partner that you may have HIV, and what of the social fallout for anyone who discovers that?”

The suit also names John Doe’s wife, Jane Doe, as a plaintiff, because of her potential exposure through the couple’s sexual relations.

Austin said both Does have been tested for infectious diseases and both have been negative, though follow-up testing will be ordered because of the incubation periods of some viruses.

The case has been assigned to Judge Paulette Irons, who will decide whether to certify the matter as a class action.

Tulane Medical Center is jointly owned by the for-profit Health Care Corporation of America and Tulane University.

A decade ago, the hospital suffered a black eye and a subsequent legal tussle when it announced that eight surgery patients had been exposed to a rare, incurable brain disorder because they all underwent operations using some of the same instruments used on a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Those incidents were not a clear-cut matter of errant sanitizing, however. With a similar pathology to mad-cow disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is spread through protein agents that, at least at the time, were resistant to standard sterilizing procedures. The condition was diagnosed with certainty in an initial Tulane surgery patient only after death.

The hospital settled a negligence claim by one of the subsequently exposed patients. The financial terms were never disclosed. None of the eight is known to have developed the disease.

Bill Barrow can be reached at bbarrow@timespicayune.com or 504.826.3452.

Related topics: tulane medical center, tulane university

http://www.nola.com/health/index.ssf/2011/03/tulane_medical_center_alerts_p.html


Saturday, September 11, 2010

Brisbane hospital workers feared mad cow

http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/09/brisbane-hospital-workers-feared-mad.html


Friday, August 13, 2010

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) biannual update 13 August 2010 UK Iatrogenic CJD Incidents Report

http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/08/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd-biannual.html


Thursday, July 08, 2010

Nosocomial transmission of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: results from a risk-based assessment of surgical interventions Public release date: 8-Jul-2010

http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/07/nosocomial-transmission-of-sporadic.html


Tuesday, March 16, 2010

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Agents: Safe Working and the Prevention of Infection: Part 4 REVISED FEB. 2010

http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/03/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy.html


Tuesday, December 14, 2010

Infection control of CJD, vCJD and other human prion diseases in healthcare and community settings part 4, Annex A1, Annex J, UPDATE DECEMBER 2010

http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/12/infection-control-of-cjd-vcjd-and-other.html


Tuesday, September 14, 2010

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Advisory Committee; Notice of Meeting October 28 and 29, 2010

(COMMENT SUBMISSION)

http://tseac.blogspot.com/2010/09/transmissible-spongiform_14.html


Friday, March 4, 2011

Alberta dairy cow found with mad cow disease

http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/alberta-dairy-cow-found-with-mad-cow.html


Thursday, February 10, 2011

TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY REPORT UPDATE CANADA FEBRUARY 2011 and how to hide mad cow disease in Canada Current as of: 2011-01-31

http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2011/02/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy.html


Saturday, March 12, 2011

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a Canadian resident Infectious Diseases News Brief - March 11, 2011

http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/variant-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-in.html


Monday, February 7, 2011

FDA's Currently-Recommended Policies to Reduce the Possible Risk of Transmission of CJD and vCJD by Blood and Blood Products 2011 ???

http://tseac.blogspot.com/2011/02/fdas-currently-recommended-policies-to.html


Thursday, August 12, 2010

USA Blood products, collected from a donor who was at risk for vCJD, were distributed July-August 2010

http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/08/usa-blood-products-collected-from-donor.html


Friday, March 25, 2011

Detection of Prion Protein in Urine-Derived Injectable Fertility Products by a Targeted Proteomic Approach

http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/detection-of-prion-protein-in-urine.html


Saturday, March 5, 2011

MAD COW ATYPICAL CJD PRION TSE CASES WITH CLASSIFICATIONS PENDING ON THE RISE IN NORTH AMERICA

http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/mad-cow-atypical-cjd-prion-tse-cases.html




TSS

Molecular Discrimination of Sheep Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy from Scrapie, or, a shot in the dark ???

Volume 17, Number 4–April 2011




Dispatch



Molecular Discrimination of Sheep Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy from Scrapie



Laura Pirisinu, Sergio Migliore, Michele Angelo Di Bari, Elena Esposito, Thierry Baron, Claudia D'Agostino, Luigi De Grossi, Gabriele Vaccari, Umberto Agrimi, and Romolo Nonno Author affiliations: Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy (L. Pirisinu, S. Migliore, M.A. Di Bari, E. Esposito, C. D'Agostino, G. Vaccari, U. Agrimi, R. Nonno); Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire, Lyon, France (T. Baron); and Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana, Rome (L. De Grossi)



Abstract



Sheep CH1641-like transmissible spongiform encephalopathy isolates have shown molecular similarities to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) isolates. We report that the prion protein PrPSc from sheep BSE is extremely resistant to denaturation. This feature, combined with the N-terminal PrPSc cleavage, allowed differentiation of classical scrapie, including CH1641-like, from natural goat BSE and experimental sheep BSE.



snip...please see full text ;



http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/17/4/695.htm




" Although based on a limited set of samples, our study supports the notion that CH1641-like isolates can be convincingly discriminated from small ruminant BSE on molecular grounds. "



THAT depends on WHO is doing the testing, and IF they are testing to find. here in the USA, seems to be just the opposite. I have lost all faith and hope that the USDA et al can discriminate between anything but cover up, when it comes to testing for TSE in the bovine, and or which pit to bury the mad cow in i.e. SSS policy. in my opinion, this ''3 mad cow only theory'' in the USA, was bought and paid for by the USDA et al $$$. in my opinion, it would be scientifically impossible for the USA to have only 3 cases of mad cow disease, considering the amount of mad cow protein in commerce up until, and as late as ;



10,000,000+ LBS. of PROHIBITED BANNED MAD COW FEED I.E. BLOOD LACED MBM IN COMMERCE USA 2007



Date: March 21, 2007 at 2:27 pm PST



RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: VETERINARY MEDICINES -- CLASS II



___________________________________



PRODUCT



Bulk cattle feed made with recalled Darling's 85% Blood Meal, Flash Dried, Recall # V-024-2007



CODE



Cattle feed delivered between 01/12/2007 and 01/26/2007



RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER



Pfeiffer, Arno, Inc, Greenbush, WI. by conversation on February 5, 2007.



Firm initiated recall is ongoing.



REASON



Blood meal used to make cattle feed was recalled because it was cross- contaminated with prohibited bovine meat and bone meal that had been manufactured on common equipment and labeling did not bear cautionary BSE statement.



VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE



42,090 lbs.



DISTRIBUTION



WI



___________________________________



PRODUCT



Custom dairy premix products: MNM ALL PURPOSE Pellet, HILLSIDE/CDL Prot- Buffer Meal, LEE, M.-CLOSE UP PX Pellet, HIGH DESERT/ GHC LACT Meal, TATARKA, M CUST PROT Meal, SUNRIDGE/CDL PROTEIN Blend, LOURENZO, K PVM DAIRY Meal, DOUBLE B DAIRY/GHC LAC Mineral, WEST PIONT/GHC CLOSEUP Mineral, WEST POINT/GHC LACT Meal, JENKS, J/COMPASS PROTEIN Meal, COPPINI - 8# SPECIAL DAIRY Mix, GULICK, L-LACT Meal (Bulk), TRIPLE J - PROTEIN/LACTATION, ROCK CREEK/GHC MILK Mineral, BETTENCOURT/GHC S.SIDE MK-MN, BETTENCOURT #1/GHC MILK MINR, V&C DAIRY/GHC LACT Meal, VEENSTRA, F/GHC LACT Meal, SMUTNY, A- BYPASS ML W/SMARTA, Recall # V-025-2007



CODE



The firm does not utilize a code - only shipping documentation with commodity and weights identified.



RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER



Rangen, Inc, Buhl, ID, by letters on February 13 and 14, 2007. Firm initiated recall is complete.



REASON



Products manufactured from bulk feed containing blood meal that was cross contaminated with prohibited meat and bone meal and the labeling did not bear cautionary BSE statement.



VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE



9,997,976 lbs.



DISTRIBUTION



ID and NV



END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR MARCH 21, 2007



http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/EnforcementReports/2007/ucm120446.htm




BANNED MAD COW FEED IN COMMERCE IN ALABAMA (where h-g-BSEalabama mad cow was documented)



Date: September 6, 2006 at 7:58 am PST PRODUCT



a) EVSRC Custom dairy feed, Recall # V-130-6;



b) Performance Chick Starter, Recall # V-131-6;



c) Performance Quail Grower, Recall # V-132-6;



d) Performance Pheasant Finisher, Recall # V-133-6.



CODE None RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Donaldson & Hasenbein/dba J&R Feed Service, Inc., Cullman, AL, by telephone on June 23, 2006 and by letter dated July 19, 2006. Firm initiated recall is complete.



REASON



Dairy and poultry feeds were possibly contaminated with ruminant based protein.



VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 477.72 tons



DISTRIBUTION AL



______________________________



http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00968.html



PRODUCT Bulk custom dairy pre-mixes,



Recall # V-120-6 CODE None RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Ware Milling Inc., Houston, MS, by telephone on June 23, 2006. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Possible contamination of dairy animal feeds with ruminant derived meat and bone meal.



VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 350 tons



DISTRIBUTION AL and MS



______________________________



PRODUCT



a) Tucker Milling, LLC Tm 32% Sinking Fish Grower, #2680-Pellet, 50 lb. bags, Recall # V-121-6;



b) Tucker Milling, LLC #31120, Game Bird Breeder Pellet, 50 lb. bags, Recall # V-122-6;



c) Tucker Milling, LLC #31232 Game Bird Grower, 50 lb. bags, Recall # V-123-6;



d) Tucker Milling, LLC 31227-Crumble, Game Bird Starter, BMD Medicated, 50 lb bags, Recall # V-124-6;



e) Tucker Milling, LLC #31120, Game Bird Breeder, 50 lb bags, Recall # V-125-6;



f) Tucker Milling, LLC #30230, 30 % Turkey Starter, 50 lb bags, Recall # V-126-6;



g) Tucker Milling, LLC #30116, TM Broiler Finisher, 50 lb bags, Recall # V-127-6



CODE All products manufactured from 02/01/2005 until 06/20/2006 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Recalling Firm: Tucker Milling LLC, Guntersville, AL, by telephone and visit on June 20, 2006, and by letter on June 23, 2006. Manufacturer: H. J. Baker and Brothers Inc., Stamford, CT. Firm initiated recall is ongoing.



REASON Poultry and fish feeds which were possibly contaminated with ruminant based protein were not labeled as "Do not feed to ruminants".



VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 7,541-50 lb bags



DISTRIBUTION AL, GA, MS, and TN



END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR AUGUST 9, 2006



###



http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ENFORCE/2006/ENF00964.html



Subject: MAD COW FEED RECALL AL AND FL VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 125 TONS Products manufactured from 02/01/2005 until 06/06/2006



Date: August 6, 2006 at 6:16 pm PST PRODUCT



a) CO-OP 32% Sinking Catfish, Recall # V-100-6;



b) Performance Sheep Pell W/Decox/A/N, medicated, net wt. 50 lbs, Recall # V-101-6;



c) Pro 40% Swine Conc Meal -- 50 lb, Recall # V-102-6;



d) CO-OP 32% Sinking Catfish Food Medicated, Recall # V-103-6;



e) "Big Jim's" BBB Deer Ration, Big Buck Blend, Recall # V-104-6;



f) CO-OP 40% Hog Supplement Medicated Pelleted, Tylosin 100 grams/ton, 50 lb. bag, Recall # V-105-6;



g) Pig Starter Pell II, 18% W/MCDX Medicated 282020, Carbadox -- 0.0055%, Recall # V-106-6;



h) CO-OP STARTER-GROWER CRUMBLES, Complete Feed for Chickens from Hatch to 20 Weeks, Medicated, Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate, 25 and 50 Lbs, Recall # V-107-6;



i) CO-OP LAYING PELLETS, Complete Feed for Laying Chickens, Recall # 108-6;



j) CO-OP LAYING CRUMBLES, Recall # V-109-6;



k) CO-OP QUAIL FLIGHT CONDITIONER MEDICATED, net wt 50 Lbs, Recall # V-110-6;



l) CO-OP QUAIL STARTER MEDICATED, Net Wt. 50 Lbs, Recall # V-111-6;



m) CO-OP QUAIL GROWER MEDICATED, 50 Lbs, Recall # V-112-6 CODE



Product manufactured from 02/01/2005 until 06/06/2006



RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Alabama Farmers Cooperative, Inc., Decatur, AL, by telephone, fax, email and visit on June 9, 2006. FDA initiated recall is complete.



REASON Animal and fish feeds which were possibly contaminated with ruminant based protein not labeled as "Do not feed to ruminants".



VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 125 tons



DISTRIBUTION AL and FL



END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR AUGUST 2, 2006



###



http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00963.html



MAD COW FEED RECALL USA EQUALS 10,878.06 TONS NATIONWIDE Sun Jul 16, 2006 09:22 71.248.128.67



RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: VETERINARY MEDICINE -- CLASS II



______________________________



PRODUCT



a) PRO-LAK, bulk weight, Protein Concentrate for Lactating Dairy Animals, Recall # V-079-6;



b) ProAmino II, FOR PREFRESH AND LACTATING COWS, net weight 50lb (22.6 kg), Recall # V-080-6;



c) PRO-PAK, MARINE & ANIMAL PROTEIN CONCENTRATE FOR USE IN ANIMAL FEED, Recall # V-081-6;



d) Feather Meal, Recall # V-082-6 CODE



a) Bulk



b) None



c) Bulk



d) Bulk



RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER H. J. Baker & Bro., Inc., Albertville, AL, by telephone on June 15, 2006 and by press release on June 16, 2006. Firm initiated recall is ongoing.



REASON



Possible contamination of animal feeds with ruminent derived meat and bone meal.



VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 10,878.06 tons



DISTRIBUTION Nationwide



END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR July 12, 2006



###



http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00960.html



Friday, January 7, 2011



MEAT AND BONE MEAL AND MINERAL FEED ADDITIVES MAY INCREASE THE RISK OF ORAL PRION DISEASE TRANSMISSION



Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 74:161–166, 2011 Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1528-7394 print / 1087-2620 online DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2011.529066



http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/01/meat-and-bone-meal-and-mineral-feed.html




Saturday, November 6, 2010



TAFS1 Position Paper on Position Paper on Relaxation of the Feed Ban in the EU Berne, 2010



TAFS



INTERNATIONAL FORUM FOR TRANSMISSIBLE ANIMAL DISEASES AND FOOD SAFETY a non-profit Swiss Foundation



http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2010/11/tafs1-position-paper-on-position-paper.html




Molecular Discrimination of Sheep Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy from Scrapie, or, a shot in the dark in the USA $$$



Technical Abstract:



Prion strains may vary in their ability to transmit to humans and animals. Few experimental studies have been done to provide evidence of differences between U.S. strains of scrapie, which can be distinguished by incubation times in inbred mice, microscopic lesions, immunoreactivity to various antibodies, or molecular profile (electrophoretic mobility and glycoform ratio). Recent work on two U.S. isolates of sheep scrapie supports that at least two distinct strains exist based on differences in incubation time and genotype of sheep affected. One isolate (No. 13-7) inoculated intracerebrally caused scrapie in sheep AA at codon 136 (AA136) and QQ at codon 171 (QQ171) of the prion protein in an average of 19 months post-inoculation (PI) whereas a second isolate (No. x124) caused disease in less than 12 months after oral inoculation in AV136/QQ171 sheep. Striking differences were evident when further strain analysis was done in R111, VM, C57Bl6, and C57Bl6xVM (F1) mice. No. 13-7 did not induce disease in any mouse strain at any time post-inoculation (PI) nor were brain tissues positive by western blot (WB). Positive WB results were obtained from mice inoculated with isolate No. x124 starting at day 380 PI. Incubation times averaged 508, 559, 601, and 633 days PI for RIII, C57Bl6, VM, and F1 mice, respectively. Further passage will be required to characterize these scrapie strains in mice. This work provides evidence that multiple scrapie strains exist in U.S. sheep.



http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=227516




One of these isolates (TR316211) behaved like the CH1641 isolate, with PrPres features in mice similar to those in the sheep brain. From two other isolates (O100 and O104), two distinct PrPres phenotypes were identified in mouse brains, with either high (h-type) or low (l-type) apparent molecular masses of unglycosylated PrPres, the latter being similar to that observed with CH1641, TR316211, or BSE. Both phenotypes could be found in variable proportions in the brains of the individual mice. In contrast with BSE, l-type PrPres from "CH1641-like" isolates showed lower levels of diglycosylated PrPres. From one of these cases (O104), a second passage in mice was performed for two mice with distinct PrPres profiles. This showed a partial selection of the l-type phenotype in mice infected with a mouse brain with predominant l-type PrPres, and it was accompanied by a significant increase in the proportions of the diglycosylated band. These results are discussed in relation to the diversity of scrapie and BSE strains.



http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/full/81/13/7230?view=long&pmid=17442721




In the US, scrapie is reported primarily in sheep homozygous for 136A/171Q (AAQQ) and the disease phenotype is similar to that seen with experimental strain CH1641.



http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=182469




Wednesday, February 16, 2011



IN CONFIDENCE



SCRAPIE TRANSMISSION TO CHIMPANZEES



http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2011/02/in-confidence-scrapie-transmission-to.html




Sunday, March 27, 2011



SCRAPIE USA UPDATE FEBRUARY 2011



http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/scrapie-usa-update-february-2011.html




Tuesday, November 02, 2010



BSE - ATYPICAL LESION DISTRIBUTION (RBSE 92-21367) statutory (obex only) diagnostic criteria CVL 1992



http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2010/11/bse-atypical-lesion-distribution-rbse.html




Friday, February 18, 2011



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA VS GALEN J. NIEHUES FAKED MAD COW FEED TEST ON 92 BSE INSPECTION REPORTS FOR APPROXIMATELY 100 CATTLE OPERATIONS ''PLEADS GUILTY"



http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2011/02/united-states-of-america-vs-galen-j.html




Subject: USDA BSE inconclusive MRR policy



Date: August 25, 2006 at 3:52 pm PST



USDA BSE inconclusive MRR policy



BESIDES THE TEXAS MAD COW THAT WAS RENDERED AND NEVER TESTED;



http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2007/10/bse-base-mad-cow-testing-texas-usa-and.html




PAUL BROWN COMMENT TO ME ON THIS ISSUE



Tuesday, September 12, 2006 11:10 AM



"Actually, Terry, I have been critical of the USDA handling of the mad cow issue for some years, and with Linda Detwiler and others sent lengthy detailed critiques and recommendations to both the USDA and the Canadian Food Agency." ........TSS



http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2009/07/mad-cow-cover-up-usa-masked-as-sporadic.html




OR, what the Honorable Phyllis Fong of the OIG found ;



Audit Report Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Surveillance Program ­ Phase II and Food Safety and Inspection Service



Controls Over BSE Sampling, Specified Risk Materials, and Advanced Meat Recovery Products - Phase III



Report No. 50601-10-KC January 2006



Finding 2 Inherent Challenges in Identifying and Testing High-Risk Cattle Still Remain



http://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/50601-10-KC.pdf




Wednesday, March 9, 2011



27 U.S. Senators want to force feed Japan Highly Potential North America Mad Cow Beef TSE PRION CJD



March 8, 2011



President Barack Obama The White House



1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, W Washington, DC 20500



Dear President Obama:



http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/27-us-senators-want-to-force-feed-japan.html




Friday, March 4, 2011



Alberta dairy cow found with mad cow disease



http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/alberta-dairy-cow-found-with-mad-cow.html




Saturday, March 5, 2011



MAD COW ATYPICAL CJD PRION TSE CASES WITH CLASSIFICATIONS PENDING ON THE RISE IN NORTH AMERICA



http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/mad-cow-atypical-cjd-prion-tse-cases.html




Thursday, February 10, 2011



TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY REPORT UPDATE CANADA FEBRUARY 2011 and how to hide mad cow disease in Canada Current as of: 2011-01-31



http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2011/02/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy.html




Opinion & Contributed Articles



Fong's Folly: Trying to Test Our Way Out



by Chuck Jolley
Mar 08, 2011



http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2011/03/fongs-folly-trying-to-test-our-way-out/




Saturday, December 18, 2010



OIE Global Conference on Wildlife Animal Health and Biodiversity - Preparing for the Future (TSE AND PRIONS) Paris (France), 23-25 February 2011



http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2010/12/oie-global-conference-on-wildlife.html




Monday, November 22, 2010



Atypical transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in ruminants: a challenge for disease surveillance and control



REVIEW ARTICLES



http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2010/11/atypical-transmissible-spongiform.html




Sunday, December 12, 2010



EFSA reviews BSE/TSE infectivity in small ruminant tissues News Story 2 December 2010



http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2010/12/efsa-reviews-bsetse-infectivity-in.html




Tuesday, September 14, 2010



Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Advisory Committee; Notice of Meeting October 28 and 29, 2010 (COMMENT SUBMISSION)



http://tseac.blogspot.com/2010/09/transmissible-spongiform_14.html




Monday, February 7, 2011



FDA's Currently-Recommended Policies to Reduce the Possible Risk of Transmission of CJD and vCJD by Blood and Blood Products 2011 ???



http://tseac.blogspot.com/2011/02/fdas-currently-recommended-policies-to.html




PLEASE NOTE *



Over the next 8-10 weeks, approximately 40% of all the adult mink on the farm died from TME.



snip...



The rancher was a ''dead stock'' feeder using mostly (>95%) downer or dead dairy cattle...



http://web.archive.org/web/20030516051623/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m09/tab05.pdf




14th ICID International Scientific Exchange Brochure -



Final Abstract Number: ISE.114



Session: International Scientific Exchange



Transmissible Spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) animal and human TSE in North America



update October 2009



T. Singeltary



Bacliff, TX, USA



Background:



An update on atypical BSE and other TSE in North America. Please remember, the typical U.K. c-BSE, the atypical l-BSE (BASE), and h-BSE have all been documented in North America, along with the typical scrapie's, and atypical Nor-98 Scrapie, and to date, 2 different strains of CWD, and also TME. All these TSE in different species have been rendered and fed to food producing animals for humans and animals in North America (TSE in cats and dogs ?), and that the trading of these TSEs via animals and products via the USA and Canada has been immense over the years, decades.



Methods:



12 years independent research of available data



Results:



I propose that the current diagnostic criteria for human TSEs only enhances and helps the spreading of human TSE from the continued belief of the UKBSEnvCJD only theory in 2009. With all the science to date refuting it, to continue to validate this old myth, will only spread this TSE agent through a multitude of potential routes and sources i.e. consumption, medical i.e., surgical, blood, dental, endoscopy, optical, nutritional supplements, cosmetics etc.



Conclusion:



I would like to submit a review of past CJD surveillance in the USA, and the urgent need to make all human TSE in the USA a reportable disease, in every state, of every age group, and to make this mandatory immediately without further delay. The ramifications of not doing so will only allow this agent to spread further in the medical, dental, surgical arena's. Restricting the reporting of CJD and or any human TSE is NOT scientific. Iatrogenic CJD knows NO age group, TSE knows no boundaries. I propose as with Aguzzi, Asante, Collinge, Caughey, Deslys, Dormont, Gibbs, Gajdusek, Ironside, Manuelidis, Marsh, et al and many more, that the world of TSE Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy is far from an exact science, but there is enough proven science to date that this myth should be put to rest once and for all, and that we move forward with a new classification for human and animal TSE that would properly identify the infected species, the source species, and then the route.



http://ww2.isid.org/Downloads/14th_ICID_ISE_Abstracts.pdf




Wednesday, January 5, 2011



ENLARGING SPECTRUM OF PRION-LIKE DISEASES Prusiner Colby et al 2011 Prions



http://betaamyloidcjd.blogspot.com/2011/01/enlarging-spectrum-of-prion-like.html




TSS

SCRAPIE USA UPDATE FEBRUARY 2011

SCRAPIE USA UPDATE FEBRUARY 2011

Positive Scrapie Cases

As of February 28, 2011, 11 cases of classical scrapie and 1 case of Nor98-like scrapie were confirmed by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL); 6 of the positive cases were Regulatory Scrapie Slaughter Surveillance (RSSS) cases (collected between October 1, 2010 and February 28, 2011 and confirmed by March 10, 2011), and 6 were field cases including 1 positive goat (Figure 7). With this positive, 22 cases of scrapie in goats have been confirmed by NVSL since implementation of the regulatory changes in FY 2002 (Figure 8).

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_diseases/scrapie/downloads/monthly_scrapie_rpt.ppsx


p.s. please note another new case of the atypical Nor-98 Scrapie in the USA, this time in California. ...TSS


National Scrapie Surveillance Plan United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health National Surveillance Unit Fort Collins, CO September 2010

snip...


it is believed that eradication of nonclassical scrapie from the United States is neither necessary nor feasible.

snip...



http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_diseases/scrapie/downloads/national_scrapie_surv_plan.pdf


Monday, March 21, 2011

Sheep and Goat BSE Propagate More Efficiently than Cattle BSE in Human PrP Transgenic Mice

snip...

On the other hand, this component would not be distinguishable from bovine-passaged BSE prions due to the current limits of the standard biological methods and/or the molecular tools employed here to characterize prion strains. Whatever the mechanism, the notion that a passage through an intermediate species can profoundly alter prion virulence for the human species has important public-health issues, regarding emerging and/or expanding TSEs, like atypical scrapie or CWD.

snip...

Taken all together, our results suggest that the possibility of a small ruminant BSE prion as vCJD causal agent could not be ruled out, which has important implications on public and animal health policies. On one hand, although the exact magnitude and characteristic of the vCJD epidemic is still unclear, its link with cattle BSE is supported by strong epidemiological ground and several experimental data. On the other hand, the molecular typing performed in our studies, indicates that the biochemical characteristics of the PrPres detected in brains of our sheep and goat BSE-inoculated mice seem to be indistinguishable from that observed in vCJD. Considering the similarity in clinical manifestation of BSE- and scrapie-affected sheep [48], a masker effect of scrapie over BSE, as well as a potential adaptation of the BSE agent through subsequent passages, could not be ruled out. As BSE infected sheep PrPSc have been detected in many peripheral organs, small ruminant-passaged BSE prions might be a more widespread source of BSE infectivity compared to cattle [19], [49], [50]. This fact is even more worrying since our transmission studies suggest that apparently Met129 human PrP favours a BSE agent with ovine rather than a bovine sequence. Finally, it is evident that, although few natural cases have been described and so far we cannot draw any definitive conclusion about the origin of vCJD, we can not underestimate the risk of a potential goat and/or sheep BSE agent.

snip...

http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2011/03/sheep-and-goat-bse-propagate-more.html


Technical Abstract:

Prion strains may vary in their ability to transmit to humans and animals. Few experimental studies have been done to provide evidence of differences between U.S. strains of scrapie, which can be distinguished by incubation times in inbred mice, microscopic lesions, immunoreactivity to various antibodies, or molecular profile (electrophoretic mobility and glycoform ratio). Recent work on two U.S. isolates of sheep scrapie supports that at least two distinct strains exist based on differences in incubation time and genotype of sheep affected. One isolate (No. 13-7) inoculated intracerebrally caused scrapie in sheep AA at codon 136 (AA136) and QQ at codon 171 (QQ171) of the prion protein in an average of 19 months post-inoculation (PI) whereas a second isolate (No. x124) caused disease in less than 12 months after oral inoculation in AV136/QQ171 sheep. Striking differences were evident when further strain analysis was done in R111, VM, C57Bl6, and C57Bl6xVM (F1) mice. No. 13-7 did not induce disease in any mouse strain at any time post-inoculation (PI) nor were brain tissues positive by western blot (WB). Positive WB results were obtained from mice inoculated with isolate No. x124 starting at day 380 PI. Incubation times averaged 508, 559, 601, and 633 days PI for RIII, C57Bl6, VM, and F1 mice, respectively. Further passage will be required to characterize these scrapie strains in mice. This work provides evidence that multiple scrapie strains exist in U.S. sheep.

http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=227516


One of these isolates (TR316211) behaved like the CH1641 isolate, with PrPres features in mice similar to those in the sheep brain. From two other isolates (O100 and O104), two distinct PrPres phenotypes were identified in mouse brains, with either high (h-type) or low (l-type) apparent molecular masses of unglycosylated PrPres, the latter being similar to that observed with CH1641, TR316211, or BSE. Both phenotypes could be found in variable proportions in the brains of the individual mice. In contrast with BSE, l-type PrPres from "CH1641-like" isolates showed lower levels of diglycosylated PrPres. From one of these cases (O104), a second passage in mice was performed for two mice with distinct PrPres profiles. This showed a partial selection of the l-type phenotype in mice infected with a mouse brain with predominant l-type PrPres, and it was accompanied by a significant increase in the proportions of the diglycosylated band. These results are discussed in relation to the diversity of scrapie and BSE strains.

http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/full/81/13/7230?view=long&pmid=17442721


In the US, scrapie is reported primarily in sheep homozygous for 136A/171Q (AAQQ) and the disease phenotype is similar to that seen with experimental strain CH1641.

http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=182469


Wednesday, February 16, 2011

IN CONFIDENCE SCRAPIE TRANSMISSION TO CHIMPANZEES

IN CONFIDENCE

http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2011/02/in-confidence-scrapie-transmission-to.html


Friday, February 11, 2011

Atypical/Nor98 Scrapie Infectivity in Sheep Peripheral Tissues

snip...

The presence of infectivity in peripheral tissues that enter the food chain clearly indicates that the risk of dietary exposure to Atypical/Nor98 scrapie cannot be disregarded. However, according to our observations, in comparison to the brain, the infectious titres in the peripheral tissues were five log10 lower in Atypical/Nor98 scrapie than in classical scrapie. Therefore, the reduction of the relative exposure risk following SRM removal (CNS, head, spleen and ileum) is probably significantly higher in Atypical/Nor98 scrapie cases than in classical scrapie cases. However, considering the currently estimated prevalence of Atypical/Nor98 scrapie in healthy slaughtered EU population [10], it is probable that atypical scrapie infectivity enters in the food chain despite the prevention measures in force.

Finally, the capacity of Atypical/Nor98 scrapie agent (and more generally of small ruminants TSE agents) to cross species barrier that naturally limits the transmission risk is insufficiently documented. Recently, the transmission of an Atypical/Nor98 scrapie isolate was reported into transgenic mice over-expressing the porcine PrP [47]. Such results cannot directly be extrapolated to natural exposure conditions and natural hosts. However, they underline the urgent need for further investigations on the potential capacity of Atypical/Nor98 scrapie to propagate in other species than small ruminants.

snip...please see full text thanks to the Authors and plospathogens.org/

http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1001285;jsessionid=CECDA9978AB8F920FB2ED52F4EB71071.ambra01


Background ----------- "Retrospective studies have identified cases predating the initial identification of this form of scrapie, and epidemiological studies have indicated that it does not conform to the behaviour of an infectious disease, giving rise to the hypothesis that it represents spontaneous disease. However, atypical scrapie isolates have been shown to be infectious experimentally, through intracerebral inoculation in transgenic mice and sheep. [Many of the neurological diseases can be transmitted by intracerebral inoculation, which causes this moderator to approach intracerebral studies as a tool for study, but not necessarily as a direct indication of transmissibility of natural diseases. - Mod.TG]

"The 1st successful challenge of a sheep with 'field' atypical scrapie from an homologous donor sheep was reported in 2007.

"Results -------- "This study demonstrates that atypical scrapie has distinct clinical, pathological, and biochemical characteristics which are maintained on transmission and sub-passage, and which are distinct from other strains of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in the same host genotype.

"Conclusions ------------ Atypical scrapie is consistently transmissible within AHQ homozygous sheep, and the disease phenotype is preserved on sub-passage."

Lastly, this moderator wishes to thank Terry Singletary for some of his behind the scenes work of providing citations and references for this posting. - Mod.TG]

The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Australia is available at . - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]

http://www.promedmail.org/pls/otn/f?p=2400:1001:962575216785367::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1000,81729



Scrapie

The two Commissions discussed the issue of ‘atypical’ scrapie in terms of notification requirements and the issue of the host genetic resistance. In response to questions of Members, the Code Commission clarified that ‘classical’ scrapie is reportable to the OIE but that ‘atypical’ scrapie is not reportable (in accordance with the recommendations made by the ad hoc Group on Atypical Scrapie and Atypical BSE, which met in November 2007). However, the sharing of scientific information on ‘atypical’ scrapie is encouraged. At this time, the Code Commission considered that more scientific information would be needed to fully address the issues associated with host genotype.

EU comment

4

OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Commission / September 2010

The EU takes note of the fact that atypical scrapie is not an OIE listed disease. Nevertheless, it will remain notifiable in the EU. Moreover it must be stressed that any emergence of this disease should be notified to the OIE by Members and that scientific data should continue to be gathered.

snip...

Zoonotic Potential

Has transmission to humans been proven? (with the exception of artificial

circumstances) AND

Is human infection associated with severe consequences? (death or prolonged illness)

http://ec.europa.eu/food/international/organisations/docs/EU_comments_OIE_terrestrial_animal_health_code_en.pdf



snip...



http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2011/02/atypicalnor98-scrapie-infectivity-in.html


Sunday, December 12, 2010

EFSA reviews BSE/TSE infectivity in small ruminant tissues News Story 2 December 2010

http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2010/12/efsa-reviews-bsetse-infectivity-in.html



Monday, November 22, 2010

Atypical transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in ruminants: a challenge for disease surveillance and control

REVIEW ARTICLES

http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2010/11/atypical-transmissible-spongiform.html



Sunday, April 18, 2010

SCRAPIE AND ATYPICAL SCRAPIE TRANSMISSION STUDIES A REVIEW 2010

http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2010/04/scrapie-and-atypical-scrapie.html


Wednesday, January 19, 2011

EFSA and ECDC review scientific evidence on possible links between TSEs in animals and humans Webnachricht 19 Januar 2011

http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/01/efsa-and-ecdc-review-scientific.html



Tuesday, January 18, 2011

Agent strain variation in human prion disease: insights from a molecular and pathological review of the National Institutes of Health series of experimentally transmitted disease

http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/01/agent-strain-variation-in-human-prion.html


EVIDENCE OF SCRAPIE IN SHEEP AS A RESULT OF FOOD BORNE EXPOSURE

This is provided by the statistically significant increase in the incidence of sheep scrape from 1985, as determined from analyses of the submissions made to VI Centres, and from individual case and flock incident studies. ........

http://web.archive.org/web/20010305222246/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/02/07002001.pdf


RISK OF BSE TO SHEEP VIA FEED

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090114022605/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/sc/seac31/tab01.pdf



Marion Simmons communicated surprising evidence for oral transmissibility of Nor98/atypical scrapie in neonatal sheep and although bioassay is ongoing, infectivity of the distal ileum of 12 and 24 month infected sheep is positive in Tg338 mice.

http://www.goatbse.eu/site/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=94:minutes-workshop-2010&catid=9:popular&Itemid=22


SUMMARY REPORTS OF MAFF BSE TRANSMISSION STUDIES AT THE CVL ;

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090114023010/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/sc/seac18/tab02b.pdf



THE RISK TO HUMANS FROM SHEEP;

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090114022915/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/sc/seac24/tab03.pdf



EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION OF BSE TO SHEEP

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090114023211/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/sc/seac25/tab05.pdf



SHEEP AND BSE

PERSONAL AND CONFIDENTIAL

SHEEP AND BSE

A. The experimental transmission of BSE to sheep.

Studies have shown that the ''negative'' line NPU flock of Cheviots can be experimentally infected with BSE by intracerebral (ic) or oral challenge (the latter being equivalent to 0.5 gram of a pool of four cow brains from animals confirmed to have BSE).

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090506010048/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/sc/seac33/tab02.pdf



RB264

BSE - TRANSMISSION STUDIES

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090113230127/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/sc/Seac06/tab06.pdf



1: J Infect Dis 1980 Aug;142(2):205-8

Oral transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie to nonhuman primates.

Gibbs CJ Jr, Amyx HL, Bacote A, Masters CL, Gajdusek DC.

Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease of humans and scrapie disease of sheep and goats were transmitted to squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) that were exposed to the infectious agents only by their nonforced consumption of known infectious tissues. The asymptomatic incubation period in the one monkey exposed to the virus of kuru was 36 months; that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was 23 and 27 months, respectively; and that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus of scrapie was 25 and 32 months, respectively. Careful physical examination of the buccal cavities of all of the monkeys failed to reveal signs or oral lesions. One additional monkey similarly exposed to kuru has remained asymptomatic during the 39 months that it has been under observation.

snip...

The successful transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie by natural feeding to squirrel monkeys that we have reported provides further grounds for concern that scrapie-infected meat may occasionally give rise in humans to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

PMID: 6997404

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6997404&dopt=Abstract


12/10/76 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL REPORT OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTE ON SCRAPIE Office Note CHAIRMAN: PROFESSOR PETER WILDY

snip...

A The Present Position with respect to Scrapie A] The Problem Scrapie is a natural disease of sheep and goats. It is a slow and inexorably progressive degenerative disorder of the nervous system and it ia fatal. It is enzootic in the United Kingdom but not in all countries. The field problem has been reviewed by a MAFF working group (ARC 35/77). It is difficult to assess the incidence in Britain for a variety of reasons but the disease causes serious financial loss; it is estimated that it cost Swaledale breeders alone $l.7 M during the five years 1971-1975. A further inestimable loss arises from the closure of certain export markets, in particular those of the United States, to British sheep. It is clear that scrapie in sheep is important commercially and for that reason alone effective measures to control it should be devised as quickly as possible. Recently the question has again been brought up as to whether scrapie is transmissible to man. This has followed reports that the disease has been transmitted to primates.

One particularly lurid speculation (Gajdusek 1977) conjectures that the agents of scrapie, kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and transmissible encephalopathy of mink are varieties of a single "virus". The U.S. Department of Agriculture concluded that it could "no longer justify or permit scrapie-blood line and scrapie-exposed sheep and goats to be processed for human or animal food at slaughter or rendering plants" (ARC 84/77)" The problem is emphasised by the finding that some strains of scrapie produce lesions identical to the once which characterise the human dementias" Whether true or not. the hypothesis that these agents might be transmissible to man raises two considerations. First, the safety of laboratory personnel requires prompt attention. Second, action such as the "scorched meat" policy of USDA makes the solution of the acrapie problem urgent if the sheep industry is not to suffer grievously.

snip...

76/10.12/4.6

http://web.archive.org/web/20010305223125/www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1976/10/12004001.pdf


Nature. 1972 Mar 10;236(5341):73-4.

Transmission of scrapie to the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).

Gibbs CJ Jr, Gajdusek DC. Nature 236, 73 - 74 (10 March 1972); doi:10.1038/236073a0

Transmission of Scrapie to the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

C. J. GIBBS jun. & D. C. GAJDUSEK National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland

SCRAPIE has been transmitted to the cynomolgus, or crab-eating, monkey (Macaca fascicularis) with an incubation period of more than 5 yr from the time of intracerebral inoculation of scrapie-infected mouse brain. The animal developed a chronic central nervous system degeneration, with ataxia, tremor and myoclonus with associated severe scrapie-like pathology of intensive astroglial hypertrophy and proliferation, neuronal vacuolation and status spongiosus of grey matter. The strain of scrapie virus used was the eighth passage in Swiss mice (NIH) of a Compton strain of scrapie obtained as ninth intracerebral passage of the agent in goat brain, from Dr R. L. Chandler (ARC, Compton, Berkshire).

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v236/n5341/abs/236073a0.html


Epidemiology of Scrapie in the United States 1977

http://web.archive.org/web/20030513212324/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m08b/tab64.pdf


Suspect symptoms

What if you can catch old-fashioned CJD by eating meat from a sheep infected with scrapie?

28 Mar 01

Like lambs to the slaughter 31 March 2001 by Debora MacKenzie Magazine issue 2284. Subscribe and get 4 free issues. FOUR years ago, Terry Singeltary watched his mother die horribly from a degenerative brain disease. Doctors told him it was Alzheimer's, but Singeltary was suspicious. The diagnosis didn't fit her violent symptoms, and he demanded an autopsy. It showed she had died of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Most doctors believe that sCJD is caused by a prion protein deforming by chance into a killer. But Singeltary thinks otherwise. He is one of a number of campaigners who say that some sCJD, like the variant CJD related to BSE, is caused by eating meat from infected animals. Their suspicions have focused on sheep carrying scrapie, a BSE-like disease that is widespread in flocks across Europe and North America.

Now scientists in France have stumbled across new evidence that adds weight to the campaigners' fears. To their complete surprise, the researchers found that one strain of scrapie causes the same brain damage in mice as sCJD.

"This means we cannot rule out that at least some sCJD may be caused by some strains of scrapie," says team member Jean-Philippe Deslys of the French Atomic Energy Commission's medical research laboratory in Fontenay-aux-Roses, south-west of Paris. Hans Kretschmar of the University of Göttingen, who coordinates CJD surveillance in Germany, is so concerned by the findings that he now wants to trawl back through past sCJD cases to see if any might have been caused by eating infected mutton or lamb.

Scrapie has been around for centuries and until now there has been no evidence that it poses a risk to human health. But if the French finding means that scrapie can cause sCJD in people, countries around the world may have overlooked a CJD crisis to rival that caused by BSE.

Deslys and colleagues were originally studying vCJD, not sCJD. They injected the brains of macaque monkeys with brain from BSE cattle, and from French and British vCJD patients. The brain damage and clinical symptoms in the monkeys were the same for all three. Mice injected with the original sets of brain tissue or with infected monkey brain also developed the same symptoms.

As a control experiment, the team also injected mice with brain tissue from people and animals with other prion diseases: a French case of sCJD; a French patient who caught sCJD from human-derived growth hormone; sheep with a French strain of scrapie; and mice carrying a prion derived from an American scrapie strain. As expected, they all affected the brain in a different way from BSE and vCJD. But while the American strain of scrapie caused different damage from sCJD, the French strain produced exactly the same pathology.

"The main evidence that scrapie does not affect humans has been epidemiology," says Moira Bruce of the neuropathogenesis unit of the Institute for Animal Health in Edinburgh, who was a member of the same team as Deslys. "You see about the same incidence of the disease everywhere, whether or not there are many sheep, and in countries such as New Zealand with no scrapie." In the only previous comparisons of sCJD and scrapie in mice, Bruce found they were dissimilar.

But there are more than 20 strains of scrapie, and six of sCJD. "You would not necessarily see a relationship between the two with epidemiology if only some strains affect only some people," says Deslys. Bruce is cautious about the mouse results, but agrees they require further investigation. Other trials of scrapie and sCJD in mice, she says, are in progress.

People can have three different genetic variations of the human prion protein, and each type of protein can fold up two different ways. Kretschmar has found that these six combinations correspond to six clinical types of sCJD: each type of normal prion produces a particular pathology when it spontaneously deforms to produce sCJD.

But if these proteins deform because of infection with a disease-causing prion, the relationship between pathology and prion type should be different, as it is in vCJD. "If we look at brain samples from sporadic CJD cases and find some that do not fit the pattern," says Kretschmar, "that could mean they were caused by infection."

There are 250 deaths per year from sCJD in the US, and a similar incidence elsewhere. Singeltary and other US activists think that some of these people died after eating contaminated meat or "nutritional" pills containing dried animal brain. Governments will have a hard time facing activists like Singeltary if it turns out that some sCJD isn't as spontaneous as doctors have insisted.

Deslys's work on macaques also provides further proof that the human disease vCJD is caused by BSE. And the experiments showed that vCJD is much more virulent to primates than BSE, even when injected into the bloodstream rather than the brain. This, says Deslys, means that there is an even bigger risk than we thought that vCJD can be passed from one patient to another through contaminated blood transfusions and surgical instruments.

http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg16922840.300-like-lambs-to-the-slaughter.html


Monday, December 14, 2009

Similarities between Forms of Sheep Scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Are Encoded by Distinct Prion Types

(hmmm, this is getting interesting now...TSS)

Sporadic CJD type 1 and atypical/ Nor98 scrapie are characterized by fine (reticular) deposits,

see also ;

All of the Heidenhain variants were of the methionine/ methionine type 1 molecular subtype.

http://cjdusa.blogspot.com/2009/09/co-existence-of-scrapie-prion-protein.html


see full text ;

Monday, December 14, 2009

Similarities between Forms of Sheep Scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Are Encoded by Distinct Prion Types

http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2009/12/similarities-between-forms-of-sheep.html


Tuesday, April 28, 2009

Nor98-like Scrapie in the United States of America

http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2009/04/nor98-like-scrapie-in-united-states-of.html


Wednesday, March 3, 2010

NOR-98 ATYPICAL SCRAPIE USA 4 CASES DETECTED JANUARY 2010

http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2010/03/nor-98-atypical-scrapie-usa-4-cases.html


P03.141

Aspects of the Cerebellar Neuropathology in Nor98

Gavier-Widén, D1; Benestad, SL2; Ottander, L1; Westergren, E1 1National Veterinary Insitute, Sweden; 2National Veterinary Institute,

Norway Nor98 is a prion disease of old sheep and goats. This atypical form of scrapie was first described in Norway in 1998. Several features of Nor98 were shown to be different from classical scrapie including the distribution of disease associated prion protein (PrPd) accumulation in the brain. The cerebellum is generally the most affected brain area in Nor98. The study here presented aimed at adding information on the neuropathology in the cerebellum of Nor98 naturally affected sheep of various genotypes in Sweden and Norway. A panel of histochemical and immunohistochemical (IHC) stainings such as IHC for PrPd, synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, amyloid, and cell markers for phagocytic cells were conducted. The type of histological lesions and tissue reactions were evaluated. The types of PrPd deposition were characterized. The cerebellar cortex was regularly affected, even though there was a variation in the severity of the lesions from case to case. Neuropil vacuolation was more marked in the molecular layer, but affected also the granular cell layer. There was a loss of granule cells. Punctate deposition of PrPd was characteristic. It was morphologically and in distribution identical with that of synaptophysin, suggesting that PrPd accumulates in the synaptic structures. PrPd was also observed in the granule cell layer and in the white matter. The pathology features of Nor98 in the cerebellum of the affected sheep showed similarities with those of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans.

***The pathology features of Nor98 in the cerebellum of the affected sheep showed similarities with those of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans.

http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf


PR-26

NOR98 SHOWS MOLECULAR FEATURES REMINISCENT OF GSS

R. Nonno1, E. Esposito1, G. Vaccari1, E. Bandino2, M. Conte1, B. Chiappini1, S. Marcon1, M. Di Bari1, S.L. Benestad3, U. Agrimi1 1 Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Rome, Italy (romolo.nonno@iss.it); 2 Istituto Zooprofilattico della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy; 3 National Veterinary Institute, Department of Pathology, Oslo, Norway

Molecular variants of PrPSc are being increasingly investigated in sheep scrapie and are generally referred to as "atypical" scrapie, as opposed to "classical scrapie". Among the atypical group, Nor98 seems to be the best identified. We studied the molecular properties of Italian and Norwegian Nor98 samples by WB analysis of brain homogenates, either untreated, digested with different concentrations of proteinase K, or subjected to enzymatic deglycosylation. The identity of PrP fragments was inferred by means of antibodies spanning the full PrP sequence. We found that undigested brain homogenates contain a Nor98-specific PrP fragment migrating at 11 kDa (PrP11), truncated at both the C-terminus and the N-terminus, and not N-glycosylated. After mild PK digestion, Nor98 displayed full-length PrP (FL-PrP) and N-glycosylated C-terminal fragments (CTF), along with increased levels of PrP11. Proteinase K digestion curves (0,006-6,4 mg/ml) showed that FL-PrP and CTF are mainly digested above 0,01 mg/ml, while PrP11 is not entirely digested even at the highest concentrations, similarly to PrP27-30 associated with classical scrapie. Above 0,2 mg/ml PK, most Nor98 samples showed only PrP11 and a fragment of 17 kDa with the same properties of PrP11, that was tentatively identified as a dimer of PrP11. Detergent solubility studies showed that PrP11 is insoluble in 2% sodium laurylsorcosine and is mainly produced from detergentsoluble, full-length PrPSc. Furthermore, among Italian scrapie isolates, we found that a sample with molecular and pathological properties consistent with Nor98 showed plaque-like deposits of PrPSc in the thalamus when the brain was analysed by PrPSc immunohistochemistry. Taken together, our results show that the distinctive pathological feature of Nor98 is a PrP fragment spanning amino acids ~ 90-155. This fragment is produced by successive N-terminal and C-terminal cleavages from a full-length and largely detergent-soluble PrPSc, is produced in vivo and is extremely resistant to PK digestion.

*** Intriguingly, these conclusions suggest that some pathological features of Nor98 are reminiscent of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease.

119

http://www.neuroprion.com/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2006/abstract_book.pdf


A newly identified type of scrapie agent can naturally infect sheep with resistant PrP genotypes

Annick Le Dur*,?, Vincent Béringue*,?, Olivier Andréoletti?, Fabienne Reine*, Thanh Lan Laï*, Thierry Baron§, Bjørn Bratberg¶, Jean-Luc Vilotte?, Pierre Sarradin**, Sylvie L. Benestad¶, and Hubert Laude*,? +Author Affiliations

*Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires and ?Génétique Biochimique et Cytogénétique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; ?Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Interactions Hôte Agent Pathogène, 31066 Toulouse, France; §Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Unité Agents Transmissibles Non Conventionnels, 69364 Lyon, France; **Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 37380 Nouzilly, France; and ¶Department of Pathology, National Veterinary Institute, 0033 Oslo, Norway

***Edited by Stanley B. Prusiner, University of California, San Francisco, CA (received for review March 21, 2005)

Abstract Scrapie in small ruminants belongs to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, a family of fatal neurodegenerative disorders that affect humans and animals and can transmit within and between species by ingestion or inoculation. Conversion of the host-encoded prion protein (PrP), normal cellular PrP (PrPc), into a misfolded form, abnormal PrP (PrPSc), plays a key role in TSE transmission and pathogenesis. The intensified surveillance of scrapie in the European Union, together with the improvement of PrPSc detection techniques, has led to the discovery of a growing number of so-called atypical scrapie cases. These include clinical Nor98 cases first identified in Norwegian sheep on the basis of unusual pathological and PrPSc molecular features and "cases" that produced discordant responses in the rapid tests currently applied to the large-scale random screening of slaughtered or fallen animals. Worryingly, a substantial proportion of such cases involved sheep with PrP genotypes known until now to confer natural resistance to conventional scrapie. Here we report that both Nor98 and discordant cases, including three sheep homozygous for the resistant PrPARR allele (A136R154R171), efficiently transmitted the disease to transgenic mice expressing ovine PrP, and that they shared unique biological and biochemical features upon propagation in mice. *** These observations support the view that a truly infectious TSE agent, unrecognized until recently, infects sheep and goat flocks and may have important implications in terms of scrapie control and public health.

http://www.pnas.org/content/102/44/16031.abstract


Monday, December 1, 2008

When Atypical Scrapie cross species barriers

Authors

Andreoletti O., Herva M. H., Cassard H., Espinosa J. C., Lacroux C., Simon S., Padilla D., Benestad S. L., Lantier F., Schelcher F., Grassi J., Torres, J. M., UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Toulouse.France; ICISA-INlA, Madrid, Spain; CEA, IBiTec-5, DSV, CEA/Saclay, Gif sur Yvette cedex, France; National Veterinary Institute, Postboks 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway, INRA IASP, Centre INRA de Tours, 3738O Nouzilly, France.

Content

Atypical scrapie is a TSE occurring in small ruminants and harbouring peculiar clinical, epidemiological and biochemical properties. Currently this form of disease is identified in a large number of countries. In this study we report the transmission of an atypical scrapie isolate through different species barriers as modeled by transgenic mice (Tg) expressing different species PRP sequence.

The donor isolate was collected in 1995 in a French commercial sheep flock. inoculation into AHQ/AHQ sheep induced a disease which had all neuro-pathological and biochemical characteristics of atypical scrapie. Transmitted into Transgenic mice expressing either ovine or PrPc, the isolate retained all the described characteristics of atypical scrapie.

Surprisingly the TSE agent characteristics were dramatically different v/hen passaged into Tg bovine mice. The recovered TSE agent had biological and biochemical characteristics similar to those of atypical BSE L in the same mouse model. Moreover, whereas no other TSE agent than BSE were shown to transmit into Tg porcine mice, atypical scrapie was able to develop into this model, albeit with low attack rate on first passage.

Furthermore, after adaptation in the porcine mouse model this prion showed similar biological and biochemical characteristics than BSE adapted to this porcine mouse model. Altogether these data indicate.

(i) the unsuspected potential abilities of atypical scrapie to cross species barriers

(ii) the possible capacity of this agent to acquire new characteristics when crossing species barrier

These findings raise some interrogation on the concept of TSE strain and on the origin of the diversity of the TSE agents and could have consequences on field TSE control measures.

http://www.neuroprion.org/resources/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2008/abstract-book-prion2008.pdf


BSE: TIME TO TAKE H.B. PARRY SERIOUSLY

If the scrapie agent is generated from ovine DNA and thence causes disease in other species, then perhaps, bearing in mind the possible role of scrapie in CJD of humans (Davinpour et al, 1985), scrapie and not BSE should be the notifiable disease. ...

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/08004001.pdf



Friday, February 04, 2011

NMLB and USDA allow scrapie prion infected mutton to enter food chain on the Navajo Reservation in New Mexico

----- Original Message -----

From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr.

To: President.BenShelly

Cc: sroanhorse ; opvp.nelson ; alaughing; georgehardeen; pressoffice

Sent: Thursday, February 03, 2011 12:15 PM

Subject: NMLB and USDA allow scrapie prion infected mutton to enter food chain on the Navajo Reservation in New Mexico

Greetings Honorable People of the Great Navajo Nation, and the Honorable President Ben Shelly,

I send this to you with great concern. ...

http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2011/02/nmlb-and-usda-allow-scrapie-prion.html


Tuesday, November 02, 2010

BSE - ATYPICAL LESION DISTRIBUTION (RBSE 92-21367) statutory (obex only) diagnostic criteria CVL 1992

http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2010/11/bse-atypical-lesion-distribution-rbse.html


The statistical incidence of CJD cases in the United States has been revised to reflect that there is one case per 9000 in adults age 55 and older. Eighty-five percent of the cases are sporadic, meaning there is no known cause at present.

http://www.cjdfoundation.org/fact.html


USA WRITTEN CJD QUESTIONNAIRE ???

http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/


Saturday, March 5, 2011

MAD COW ATYPICAL CJD PRION TSE CASES WITH CLASSIFICATIONS PENDING ON THE RISE IN NORTH AMERICA

http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/mad-cow-atypical-cjd-prion-tse-cases.html


PUTTING THE CART BEFORE THE HORSE, in terms of human health risk $$$


Monday, November 30, 2009

USDA AND OIE COLLABORATE TO EXCLUDE ATYPICAL SCRAPIE NOR-98 ANIMAL HEALTH CODE

http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2009/11/usda-and-oie-collaborate-to-exclude.html


Saturday, December 18, 2010

OIE Global Conference on Wildlife Animal Health and Biodiversity - Preparing for the Future (TSE AND PRIONS) Paris (France), 23-25 February 2011

snip...

Greetings,


> > > Thank for your support to the OIE objectives for a safe world. < < <



NOT !



I see again that the OIE has done little to help eradicate all animal TSE from the globe, and in fact in my opinion, have help enhance the spread of BSE and other animal TSE globally by their industry friendly regulations. I tried to warn the OIE in 2002 about CWD and the potential, but very real threat of CWD to humans. I was told that they were seriously considering this. what happened ? NOW, the OIE and the USDA collaborate to make legal the trading of all strains of atypical BSE legal, and in fact have done so with the atypical scrapie, when science has made perfectly clear the risk factors to humans and other species. I have said it once (see below), and i will say again ;

"THE OIE has now shown they are nothing more than a National Trading Brokerage for all strains of animal TSE. AS i said before, OIE should hang up there jock strap now, since it appears they will buckle every time a country makes some political hay about trade protocol, commodities and futures. IF they are not going to be science based, they should do everyone a favor and dissolve there organization."

NOW, some history on the failed OIE BSE/TSE policy, and why the OIE allowed BSE and other TSE to spread around the globe $$$

snip...

http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2010/12/oie-global-conference-on-wildlife.html



TSS

Detection of Prion Protein in Urine-Derived Injectable Fertility Products by a Targeted Proteomic Approach

Detection of Prion Protein in Urine-Derived Injectable Fertility Products by a Targeted Proteomic Approach


Alain Van Dorsselaer1*, Christine Carapito1, François Delalande1, Christine Schaeffer-Reiss1, Daniele Thierse1, Hélène Diemer1, Douglas S. McNair2, Daniel Krewski3, Neil R. Cashman4*

1 Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, CNRS, UMR7178, Strasbourg, France, 2 Cerner Corporation, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America, 3 McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 4 Brain Research Centre, Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Abstract Top Background Iatrogenic transmission of human prion disease can occur through medical or surgical procedures, including injection of hormones such as gonadotropins extracted from cadaver pituitaries. Annually, more than 300,000 women in the United States and Canada are prescribed urine-derived gonadotropins for infertility. Although menopausal urine donors are screened for symptomatic neurological disease, incubation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is impossible to exclude by non-invasive testing. Risk of carrier status of variant CJD (vCJD), a disease associated with decades-long peripheral incubation, is estimated to be on the order of 100 per million population in the United Kingdom. Studies showing infectious prions in the urine of experimental animals with and without renal disease suggest that prions could be present in asymptomatic urine donors. Several human fertility products are derived from donated urine; recently prion protein has been detected in preparations of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG).

Methodology/Principal Findings Using a classical proteomic approach, 33 and 34 non-gonadotropin proteins were identified in urinary human chorionic gonadotropin (u-hCG) and highly-purified urinary human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG-HP) products, respectively. Prion protein was identified as a major contaminant in u-hCG preparations for the first time. An advanced prion protein targeted proteomic approach was subsequently used to conduct a survey of gonadotropin products; this approach detected human prion protein peptides in urine-derived injectable fertility products containing hCG, hMG and hMG-HP, but not in recombinant products.

Conclusions/Significance The presence of protease-sensitive prion protein in urinary-derived injectable fertility products containing hCG, hMG, and hMG-HP suggests that prions may co-purify in these products. Intramuscular injection is a relatively efficient route of transmission of human prion disease, and young women exposed to prions can be expected to survive an incubation period associated with a minimal inoculum. The risks of urine-derived fertility products could now outweigh their benefits, particularly considering the availability of recombinant products.

Citation: Van Dorsselaer A, Carapito C, Delalande F, Schaeffer-Reiss C, Thierse D, et al. (2011) Detection of Prion Protein in Urine-Derived Injectable Fertility Products by a Targeted Proteomic Approach. PLoS ONE 6(3): e17815. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017815

Editor: Jean-Luc Darlix, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France

Received: November 12, 2010; Accepted: February 10, 2011; Published: March 23, 2011

Copyright: © 2011 Van Dorsselaer et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Funding: The Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique (AVD) received an unrestricted financial support from Merck Serono for the development of new characterization strategies of therapeutic proteins. Other background grants not directly related to this urinary pharmaceuticals project came from PrioNet Canada (http://www.prionetcanada.ca/) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (http://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/). Dr. McNair is Vice-President of Cerner Corporation, which had no role in the initiation or conduct of this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Competing interests: Dr. McNair is Vice-President of Cerner Corporation, which had no role in the initiation or conduct of this study. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

* E-mail: neil.cashman@vch.ca (NRC); vandors@unistra.fr (AVD)

snip...

Discussion Top Using classical proteomic analyses, prion protein was detected for the first time in two u-hCG preparations, and was among 33 different non-gonadotropin proteins identified as contaminants of these pharmaceutical products. In contrast, r-hCG preparations were negative for prion proteins.

In one of the two u-hCG products tested, human prion protein was among the ten major contaminants. The fact that prion protein sequences were identified in several spots on our 2D electrophoresis gels is likely due to the presence of heterogeneous glycosylation and degraded prion protein forms. It is also worth noting that in the u-hCG preparation of manufacturer A, plasminogen was identified among the urinary impurities; plasminogen has been identified as a binding protein for disease-associated prion protein [17].

Both hMG and hMG-HP were tested using 2D gel electrophoresis. The results confirmed that the two hMGs tested were less pure than hMG-HP and contained a large number of total proteins (mainly represented by urinary impurities). Non-gonadotropin proteins present in hMG-HP products were identified by MS, resulting in 34 co-purified contaminants. Only gonadotropin proteins were seen in all the recombinant preparations analyzed by 2D gel electrophoresis. Using this 2D-gel/LC-MS/MS proteomic workflow, prion proteins were identified only in u-hCG and not in hMG-HP preparations. In parallel, a targeted proteomic approach (LC-SRM) was developed to detect human prion proteins which are sensitive to proteases. The method was optimized to provide quantitative data in each container of product. This is the most sensitive MS-based quantification technique currently available with a limit of detection in the low femtomolar range. This approach for prion protein detection, identification and quantification was used on all gonadotropin pharmaceutical preparations included in our study, including both urinary (hCG, hMG, hMG-HP) and recombinant products.

All urine-derived preparations tested, produced by different manufacturers, showed the presence of human prion proteins in varying amounts. These findings demonstrate that the purification processes for different urine-derived preparations are unable to remove prion proteins from the source material and that the process controls employed do not permit the identification of this contaminant.

Do the prion protein peptides detected in this study originate from infectious prions? Preparation of tryptic peptides is preceded by solubilization in 8M urea, which is adequate to disaggregate and denature the disease-associated isoform of the prion protein rendering it susceptible to trypsin digestion. It is also clear that native and diseased isoforms of the prion protein share affinity for chromatography substrates utilized to purify peptide hormones [3]. Finally, infectious prions can range down in size to oligomers of a few dozen prion protein molecules [18], which would be undetectable by existing biochemical methodologies including MS methods employed in this study.

Although no cases of human prion disease due to the use of urinary gonadotropins have been recognized to date, the epidemiological signal for transmission may be difficult to detect. Each year, more than 300,000 young women in the US and Canada are prescribed urine-derived gonadotropins for infertility. Although the Food and Drug Administration and Health Canada once considered these products to be in the lowest category of risk for prion disease transmission, the discovery of full infectivity in the urine of nephritic scrapie-infected mice in 2005 led to new requirements for product labeling and a review of donor procedures and manufacturing processes. Additional recent findings suggest that urinary prion excretion can occur without renal pathology [6], [7]. These results warrant a reassessment as to whether the risks of urine-derived fertility products could now outweigh their benefits, particularly considering the availability of recombinant products that do not require human urine as a substrate.

Although urinary gonadotropins have been previously characterized as safe [19], [20], this opinion may be overly optimistic in view of the present findings, supported by results from other recently published studies. Notably, blood products were once also considered ‘safe’, based on the lack of detectable prions in vCJD using an inadequately sensitive mouse bioassay [21]. In line with recent published studies, the 2010 updated World Health Organization tables on ‘Tissue infectivity distribution in transmissible spongiform encephalopathy’ moved urine from the category of ‘Tissues with no detectable infectivity’ to the category of ‘Lower-infectivity tissue’ (the latter category includes blood) [22].

Current urine collection systems pool the urine of thousands of donors and, unlike the blood collection system, do not allow for donor tracing. There is also no mechanism of ensuring that the designated donor is actually the one who provides the urine, as donation is normally done at home. However, even if donor management and tracing were flawless, the fact that prionuria may exist well before the onset of clinically overt prion disease, without being detectable by current methods, remains a cause for concern. Furthermore, the now indisputable detection of prions in urine of experimental animals, the lack of a species barrier for human-to-human transmission, the relative efficiency of the intramuscular injection route for prion transmission, and the young age of fertility drug recipients all support application of the ‘precautionary principle’ for urinary derived pharmaceuticals. As risk management paradigms shift towards more proactive approaches intended to ‘anticipate and prevent’ emerging risks [23]–[26], a careful examination of the risk of transmission of human prion disease through the use of urine-derived hormones and peptides would appear to be warranted.


http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0017815




here we go again...


Posted by flounder on 29 Mar 2011 at 15:12 GMT



again, many many thanks to PLOS for open access !


Nice work Dr. Cashman and Dr. Vandors et al !



THIS is not surprising at all, and the warning shots for this risk factor of exposure to TSE were shot over the bow of the boat over a decade ago, but politics and the industry put up a good PR media blackout, or best they could. now look how many have become needlessly exposed around the globe. before synthetic growth hormones, CJD was killing via human growth hormone, this has been proven time and time again through death. the hospitals, medical, surgical procedures are spreading the TSE prion disease and their many different strains around the globe, as we speak, and the insanity, along with exposure continues. ...


how, why, has this been allowed to happen again ?


how many will die due to this needless exposure ?


how many times does science have to repeat itself, before our officials act ?


how many dead is enough ?



please see reference sources below ;




more than 1500 women were treated with the injectable fertility drug, human pituitary gonadotrophin (hPG) between the 1960s and 1985. It created miracle children, infamous multiple births - and tragedy.

This Federal Government-sponsored hormone extract, made from pituitary glands sliced from the brains of bodies in morgues, has killed four women, all in Australia where the most use of this drug was made, in the years 1988, 1989, 1990 and 1991. One young man, among the 700-odd children who received hGH (human growth hormone) injections between 1967 and 1985 in Australia, has died.


Jennifer Cooke is the author of Cannibals, Cows & the CJD Catastrophe (Random House Australia) which won the 1999 Eureka Science Book Prize, Australia’s most prestigious award for popular science writing.



Background of Australian Human Pituitary Hormone Program From 1967 until 1985 2,100 Australians were treated with human pituitary hormones under the Australian Human Pituitary Hormone Program (AHPHP).

In similar programs in overseas countries the majority of recipients of human pituitary hormones (hPH) were treated with human growth hormone (hGH) for short statue. In Australia the Australian Human Pituitary Hormone Program (AHPHP) treated approximately 1570 woman and about 60 men for infertility using human pituitary gonadotrophin (hPG). Approximately 660 Australian children were treated for short statue with human growth hormone (hGH).

Five Australians may so far have developed and died from health-care associated (iatrogenic) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) after hPH treatment . The program was suspended in 1985 following CJD deaths of recipients of hGH in the United States and England.

All those treated with hPH are at low risk of developing CJD. There is no way of knowing if batches received by recipients were contaminated. To date there is no test to show if recipients are incubating CJD.

The AHPHP was run under the auspices of the Commonwealth Department of Health. The hormones were manufactured by the then government-owned Commonwealth Serum Laboratories in Melbourne.

The AHPHP was conceived and operated by the Human Pituitary Advisory Committee (HPAC) until its activities ceased in 1985 and the committee was disbanded.

From 1992 intense media and political pressure followed news of the first two deaths from iatrogenic CJD as the families demanded an explanation. The then Minister for Health, Senator Graham Richardson, ordered an independent inquiry.

Associate Professor Margaret Allars, an administrative law expert from the University of Sydney conducted the inquiry into the use of Pituitary Derived Hormones in Australia and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, which reported in June 1994.

The inquiry report made a number of recommendations concerning the care of recipients, the establishment of support services and the formation of a ministerial advisory council.

Recipients of hPH now live with a health status of being at “low risk” of CJD. Current infection control guidelines refer to “low risk” patients. Recipients and their families also live with anxiety linked to the threat of contracting a disease which can lie dormant for decades and for which there is no test, treatment or cure.


http://www.cjdsupport.org.au/background.php




1: Dev Biol Stand 1996;88:237-41

Transmissible encephalopathies and biopharmaceutical production.

Robinson MM

USDA-ARS Animal Disease Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, USA.

The use of post-mortem tissues as sources for the production of biologicals, vaccines and feedstuffs has led to the transmission or generation of transmissible encephalopathies in some recipients. For example, the use of pituitary-derived human growth hormone and gonadotropins has resulted in the transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease to other humans [1], the use of formalin-inactivated sheep brain as a source for louping ill vaccine led to the transmission of scrapie to over 1,000 sheep from one vaccine lot [2], and the use of rendered products from ruminant carcasses in the domestic animal food chain led to the emergence and epizootic of bovine spongifrom encephalopathy in the United Kingdom [3]. Infection with transmissible encephalopathies by iatrogenic or other mechanisms is difficult to predict or control. The characteristics of these pathogens do not permit easy detection, clearance, or inactivation in routine biopharmaceutical production environments.

Publication Types: Review Review, tutorial

PMID: 9119144, UI: 97169782

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9119144&dopt=Abstract



PLUS, ARMOUR MADE A BOVINE THYROID MEDICATION SOME TIME BACK CALLED "THYRAR" MADE FROM DESSICATED BOVINE THYROID GLAND...

https://lists.aegee.org/


Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, CJD Support Group for short statured children of the 1970's and 1980's. Recommendations for Unapproved/Unregistered recipiants


http://mc2.vicnet.net.au/home/shortboys/web/cjdaustralia.html




http://mc2.vicnet.net.au/home/shortboys/web/index.html




SHORT REPORT

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 38 years after diagnostic use of human growth hormone

http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/05/review-of-human-pituitary-trust-account.html



the warning shots fired over the bow of the boat that were never heard ;



PITUITARY EXTRACT

This was used to help cows super ovulate. This tissue was considered to be of greatest risk of containing BSE and consequently transmitting the disease...

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090114081754/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/08011001.pdf





NON-LICENSED HUMAN TISSUE DEVICES WERE NOT COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE

snip...

I was quite prepared to believe in unofficial pituitary hormones, also in the 1970's, whether as described by Dr. Little, or in other circumstances, for animal use.

snip...

The fact that there were jars of pituitaries (or extract) around on shelves is attested by the still potent 1943 pituitaries, described in Stockell Hartree et al. (J/RF/17/291) which had come from the lab. at Mill Hill. Having taken the trouble to collect them, they were not lightly thrown out...

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102174454/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s467bx.pdf




B.S.E. and Veterinary Medicines

Thank you very much indeed for your letter of the 26th of January outlining to me the various steps that are proposing to take in order to reduce the risk from B.S.E. in veterinary medicines. It is, as you say, and extremely difficult problem. ....

http://web.archive.org/web/20030526124448/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/30008001.pdf




Draft cover letter to product licence holders (considered by Human and Vet Medicines including deer)

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080103002832/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/02/22008001.pdf




http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102155758/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/02/22011001.pdf




(It was noted with concern that hormone extracts could be manufactured by a veterinary surgeon for administration to animals under his care without any Medicines Act Control.)

PITUITARY EXTRACT

This was used to help cows super ovulate. This tissue was considered to be of greatest risk of containing BSE and consequently transmitting the disease.

BEEF BRAIN AND BRAIN INFUSION BROTHS

Considered to be of great risk.

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102164725/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/08011001.pdf




COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE

MEDICINES ACT - VETERINARY PRODUCTS COMMITTEE

5 BLANK PAGES. ...TSS

7. Any Other Business

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102164736/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/07010001.pdf




TWA LITTLE STATEMENT 331

8 June 1988 Internal CVL meeting to discuss the implications of BSE to Biologicals Products containing bovine extracted material (Annex 6). (YB 88/06.08/11.1-11.2) Following a detailed review of situation the following recommendations were made:

1. Specific concern over use of pituitary gland products by veterinary surgeons and companies. Paper to be produced for Tolworth (Veterinary Medicines Division).

2. Urgent review of all products both immunological and pharmaceutical for possible inclusion of ingredients of bovine origin.

3. Draft guidelines to be presented in full to the National Office of Animal Health (NOAH), the trade body representing the Veterinary Medicines part of the pharmaceutical industry, at next meeting on 11 July 1988

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102163939/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s331.pdf




TWA LITTLE minute

2. We have identified one problem over where we are unable to act and this is the use of gonadotrophins in embryo transfer work. Some veterinary surgeons are quite legally using this exemption from the Medicines Act contained in Section 9(2) to prepare gonadotrophins from pituitary glands from various species, including cattle. These hormones are used to stimulate superovulation in donor cows.

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102164806/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/10001001.pdf




http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102164811/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/13010001.pdf




http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080103031215/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/14006001.pdf




COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE

3.2 Minute 5.3 - 5.4 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

It was reported that some replies had been received from Companies using pituitary glands in their products. Copies of the BSE document had also been sent to DHSS and NIBSC.

and then another 3 + pages of blank space. ...TSS

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102164813/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/09/06005001.pdf




COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE

BSE - CURRENT POSITION WITH VETERINARY LICENCED PRODUCTS (MA.1968)

There are three areas of particular concern, vaccines (including emergency vaccines), pharmaceuticals which are covered by MA licences and unlicenses hormonal products produced under exemptions claimed under (Section 9(2) Medicines Act).

1) Vaccines

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080103033809/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/10/06005001.pdf




NOT FOR PUBLICATION

another 6 pages of blank space. ...TSS

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080103032658/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/11/01012001.pdf




http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080103032631/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/11/04003001.pdf




http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080103033926/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/04/00007001.pdf




COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080103034137/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/07/00007001.pdf




COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE

Medicines Act - Veterinary Products Committee

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080103034140/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/09/00004001.pdf




COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102164744/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/10/00003001.pdf




MANAGEMENT IN CONFIDENCE

CERTIFIED BSE-FREE HERDS FOR SOURCE OF MATERIAL FOR BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102184729/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/04001001.pdf




Subject: BSE--U.S. 50 STATE CONFERENCE CALL Jan. 9, 2001

Date: Tue, 9 Jan 2001 16:49:00 -0800

From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."

Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

To: BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de

[host Richard Barns] and now a question from Terry S. Singeltary of CJD Watch.

[TSS] yes, thank you, U.S. cattle, what kind of guarantee can you give for serum or tissue donor herds?

[no answer, you could hear in the back ground, mumbling and 'we can't. have him ask the question again.]

[host Richard] could you repeat the question?

[TSS] U.S. cattle, what kind of guarantee can you give for serum or tissue donor herds?

[not sure whom ask this] what group are you with?

[TSS] CJD Watch, my Mom died from hvCJD and we are tracking CJD world-wide.

[not sure who is speaking] could you please disconnect Mr. Singeltary

[TSS] you are not going to answer my question?

[not sure whom speaking] NO

from this point, i was still connected, got to listen and tape the whole conference. at one point someone came on, a woman, and ask again;

[unknown woman] what group are you with?

[TSS] CJD Watch and my Mom died from hvCJD we are trying to tract down CJD and other human TSE's world wide. i was invited to sit in on this from someone inside the USDA/APHIS and that is why i am here. do you intend on banning me from this conference now?

at this point the conference was turned back up, and i got to finish listening. They never answered or even addressed my one question, or even addressed the issue. BUT, i will try and give you a run-down for now, of the conference.

snip...full text ;

http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2010/01/14th-international-congress-on.html




COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE

NOT FOR PUBLICATION

COMMITTEE ON SAFETY OF MEDICINES

another 6 pages or so that are blank. ...TSS

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102185137/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/26007001.pdf




http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102184613/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/30001001.pdf




COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE

NOT FOR PUBLICATION

COMMITTEE ON SAFETY OF MEDICINES

WORKING PARTY ON BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY

7.2.1. Products with bovine brain/lymphoid tissue as ingredients and administered by injection...[111]

7.2.2 Products with bovine ingredients (other than brain/lymphoid tissue) and administered by injection...[135]

7.2.3 Tissue implants, open wound dressings, surgical materials, dental and opthalmic products with bovine ingredients...[27]

7.2.4. Products with bovine ingredients and administered topically...[5]

7.2.5 Products with bovine ingredients and administered orally...[9]

7.2.6 Products with other animal/insect/bird ingredients and administered:

a. by injection a: 117

b. by topically b: 6

c. orally c: 8

7.2.7 Products with materials produced from animal material by chemical processes, eg stearic acid, gelatin and lanolin...[156]

With two exceptions, the replies to date have not given any immediate cause for concern, although 176 products do not conform to the CSM/VPC guidelines.

8. The first exception was from which gave very limited information about a very large number of homoepathic medicines with material obtained from cattle and a number with material from the brain. Of these, 53 were injectable products of which 20 were derived from cattle brain. A list of these products is attached as Appendix 1 to Annex D. The second exception relates to the product, 'Surgical Catgut', which is sourced from UK bovine intestines and will contain lymphoid material...

see full text ;

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102164420/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/09/06011001.pdf




please see ;

Sunday, December 16, 2007

Risk factors for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Increased risk was not associated with surgical categories chosen a priori but was confined to the residual category other surgery, in which the increase in risk appeared most marked for three subcategories: skin stitches, nose/throat operations, and removal of growths/cysts/moles.

snip...

which the increase in risk appeared most marked for three subcategories:

skin stitches, nose/throat operations, and removal of growths/cysts/moles.

10 January 1990

Other US BSE risks: the imported products picture

24 Jul 00 Trade Statistics: UK to US

Compiled by Terry S.Singeltary Sr of Bacliff, Texas

[Opinion (webmaster): The US has focused for years on tracing, containing, and eradicating live animal imports from the UK or other countries with acknowledged BSE like Belgium, including some 499 cattle and the Vermont sheep. This strategy does not acknowledge imports of rendered bovine products from England during the BSE period nor secondary products such as surgical catgut, which is to say surgical cowgut, or dairy cattle embryos, vaccines for veterinarian and human medicines. What has become of these?

Mr. Singeltary, who lost his mother to CJD of unexplained origin a few years back and went on to became a well-known TSE activist, has tracked down voluminous pertinent import data through correspondence with UK officials and searches of government web sites. Imports of such products are frequently cited by Europeans in rating BSE risks in the US and in shutting out US exports.

Many people's eyes glaze over when reviewing reams of sometimes older trade statistics. There is no proof that any of the imported products was contaminated with BSE nor if so, any evidence that any BSE product lead to infection in US livestock, surgical patients, or what not. Nonetheless, the data obtained by Mr. Singeltary establish that an appalling variety and tonnage of products that were imported by the US from the UK and othr BSE-affected countries during the peak of the BSE epidemic years.]

10 January 1990

NOT FOR PUBLICATION

COMMITTEE ON SAFETY OF MEDICINES

WORKING PARTY ON BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY

SURGICAL CATGUT SUTURES

2.1 At the first meeting of the Working Party on Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy on 6 September 1989, detailed consideration was given to XXXXX Surgical Catgut. This arose from the Company's response to the Letter to License Holders, indicating that the bovine small intestine source material was derived from UK cattle, unlike 8 other licensed catgut sutures. In contrast XXXXX Surgical Catgut was stated to hold over 90% share of the market for catgut sutures, and to constitute approximately 83% of all sutures used in U.K.

IMPORTS OF SUTURES FROM THE KNOWN BSE COUNTRY;

3006.10.0000: STERILE SURGICAL CATGUT, SIMILAR STERILE SUTURE MATERIALS AND STERILETISSUE ADHESIVES FOR SURGICAL WOUND CLOSURE; AND SIMILAR STERILE MATERIAL

U.S. Imports for Consumption: December 1998 and 1998 Year-to-Date (Customs Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms)

<--- Dec 1998 ---> <--- 1998 YTD --->

Country Quantity Value Quantity Value

===================================================

WORLD TOTAL . . . . . . . 10,801 3,116 143,058 40,068

Belgium . . . . . . . . . --- --- 107 14

France . . . . . . . . . 81 49 2,727 1,132

Switzerland . . . . . . . --- --- 1,357 1,693

United Kingdom . . . . . 1,188 242 35,001 5,564


http://www.mad-cow.org/00/jul00_dont_eat_sheep.html#hhh




see url now available at ;

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102182449/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/01/10008001.pdf




Part II

2.1 Bovine Small Intestine

This is the largest single category, comprising 9 product licenses for surgical catgut, held by 3 Companies ;

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102182349/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/01/10010001.pdf




2.2 Skin

Bovine dermal collagen is present in 2 products for correction of tissue contour deformities by injection and 4 implantable haemostates.

Source USA, USA, W Germany, W. Germany, France. ...

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102182349/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/01/10010001.pdf




UPDATE ON SURGICAL CATGUT

MAY 1990

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102222354/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/05/00011001.pdf




40,000 human heart valves a year from BSE herds

Sun, 3 Sep 2000.

Unpublished Inquiry documents obtained by CJD activist Terry S. Singeltary Sr. of Bacliff, Texas

http://www.mad-cow.org/00/sep00_news.html#hhh




The documents below were provided by Terry S. Singeltary Sr on 8 May 2000. They are optically character read (scanned into computer) and so may contain typos and unreadable parts.

TIP740203/l 0424 CONFIDENTIAL

snip...

The responses by the companies were presented by Ms Turner and were categorised by MCA standards, the products that were discussed were all low volume usage products eg sutures, heart valves.

8. As the responses included some materials of human origin it was decided that more information should be sought about CJD. There had been 2 recent deaths reported associated with human growth hormone. These were being investigated.

snip...

http://www.mad-cow.org/00/may00_news.html#aaa




5.3.3 The greatest risk, in theory, would be from parenteral injection of material derived from bovine brain or lymphoid tissue. Medicinal products for injection or surgical implantation which are prepared from bovine tissues, or which utilise bovine serum albumin or similar agents in their manufacture, might also be capable of transmitting infectious agents. All medicinal products are licensed under the Medicines Act by the Licensing Authority following guidance, for example from the Committee on Safety of Medicines (CSM), the Committee on Dental and Surgical Materials (CDSM) and their subcommittees. The Licensing Authority have been alerted to potential concern about BSE in medicinal products and will ensure that scrutiny of source materials and manufacturing processes now takes account of BSE agent.

see all 76 pages ;

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102132706/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ib/ibd1/tab02.pdf




EXPORT OF BRITISH BIOLOGICAL PHARMACEUTICALS

1. Please see the attached note of a recent meeting in Brussels. For Dr. Purford should read Dr. Purves (I think). If the Germans get their way, and it looks as if they might, because of worries about BSE we could end up with a ban on certain bovine materials being exported from the UK for pharmaceutical manufacture. Thse materials include cell cultures of bovine origin (? and also any cultures which have been fed bovine nutrient material), bovine serum, and fetal calf serum.

2. Whilst export of these raw materials may be very limited, it is only a small step to include in this export ban any finished product made from such materials. This would include virtually all biologicals and vaccines. This could have very serious effects on the export trade of British Manufacturers of biologicals because even where they source their bovine ingredients outside the UK it might be impossible or at least very difficult to bypass any export ban.

3. Our own line is that we have not used regulations to restrict the use of British bovine material for non-food use, although certain offals cannot be used for human consumption. ...

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102220244/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/03/13002001.pdf




Export of British 'Biological' Pharmaceuticals

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102220202/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/03/13008001.pdf




http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102215829/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/03/13009001.pdf




No papers were presented by our American guests and none covered the subject of pharmaceuticals. ...


http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102220453/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/04/02002001.pdf




STANDING COMMITTEE MEETING ON BSE

Thanks for your note. I am disappointed not to have been informed about this meeting in advance and am surprised that Dr. Tyrrell was not involved either. I find it insulting to be told the proceedings were in confidence and find your excuse about only hosting the meeting unconvincing.

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102220555/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/04/06002001.pdf




The documents below were provided by Terry S. Singeltary Sr on 8 May 2000. They are optically character read (scanned into computer) and so may contain typos and unreadable parts.

TIP740203/l 0424 CONFIDENTIAL

Mr Cunningham CMP3 From: D O Hagger MBI Dr Salisbury MED/IMCD3 Mr Burton PD/STB/PG1B B/17/2 Date: 15.02.1989 Mr Dudley PD/AD4

snip...

89/06.19/8.1 BSE3/1 0191 Hr J Maslin (MAFF) Ref: Maslin3g

From: Dr H Pickles Med SEB/B Date: 3 July 1989

CATTLE BY-PRODUCTS AND BSE

I was interested to see the list of by-products sent to the HSE. Those of particular concern included:

* small intestines: sutures (I thought the source was ovine but you are checking this)

* spinal cord: pharmaceuticals

* thymus: pharmaceuticals

Are you able to give me more information on which UK manufacturers use these materials? Our proposed ban on bovine offal for human consumption would not affect these uses, I assume.

snip...see full text ;

http://www.mad-cow.org/00/may00_news.html




http://www.javno.com/en/world/clanak.php?id=32047




http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2007/12/risk-factors-for-sporadic-creutzfeldt.html




USDA allows diseased animals into human food supply



Mon, 14 Aug 2000. Information provided by Terry S. Singeltary Sr. Farm Sanctuary web site

In Confidence - Perceptions of unconventional slow virus diseases of animals in the USA - Report of a visit to the USA - April-May 1989 - G A H Wells [head of England's main veterinary lab -- webmaster]

2. Meeting with USDA, BSE Task Force

http://www.mad-cow.org/00/aug00_late_news.html#hhh



http://www.mad-cow.org/00/may00_news.html#aaa



MAD COW DISEASE BSE CJD CHILDREN VACCINES

Sunday, May 18, 2008

MAD COW DISEASE BSE CJD CHILDREN VACCINES

TIP740203/l 0424 CONFIDENTIAL

http://bseinquiry.blogspot.com/2008/05/mad-cow-disease-bse-cjd-children.html




Subject: Louping-ill vaccine documents from November 23rd, 1946

Date: Sat, 9 Sep 2000 17:44:57 -0700

From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."

Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

To: BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de

######### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########

THE VETERINARY RECORD 516 No 47. Vol. 58 November 23rd, 1946

NATIONAL VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND

ANNUAL CONGRESS, 1946

snip...

As a result of this experience a large-scale transmision experiment involving the ue of 788 sheep was commenced in 1938 on a farm specially taken for the purpose by the Animal Diseases Research Association with funds provided by the Agricultural Research Council. The experiment was designed to determine the nature of the infective agent and the pathogenesis of the disease. It is only possible here to give a summary of the result which showed that (1) saline suspensions of brain and spinal cord tissue of sheep affected with scrapie were infective to normal sheep when inoculatted intracerebrally or subcutaneously; (2) the incubation period after intracerebral inoculation was seven months and upwards and only 60 percent of the inoculated sheep developed scrapie during a period of four and a half years; (3) the incubation period after subcutaneous inoculation was 15 months and upwards and only about 30 percent of the inoculated sheep developed the disease during the four and a half years: (4) the infective agent was of small size and probably a filtrable virus.

The prolonged incubative period of the disease and the remarkable resistance of the causal agent to formalin are features of distinct interest. It still remains to determine if a biological test can be devised to detect infected animals so that they can be killed for food before they develop clinical symptoms and to explore the possibilities of producing an immunity to the disease.

==================================================================

Greetings List Members,

pretty disturbing document. now, what would stop this from happening with the vaccineCJD in children???

kind regards, Terry S. Singeltary Sr., Bacliff, Texas USA

http://www.whale.to/v/singeltary.html




Subject: Re: VACCINES/CHILDREN/TSE'S -- 'CONFIDENTIAL'

From: tom

Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

Date: Wed, 6 Sep 2000 18:20:09 -0800

Content-Type: text/plain

Parts/Attachments: text/plain (110 lines)

Reply

######### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########

Just when I was thinking the Internet had reached a terminal condition of shallow pages and broken links, some young people come along and invent a really effective Internet search engine: http://www.google.com/ This works quite well to search the entire http://www.mad-cow.org site (or find 393 web sites such as GenBank that link to it, or 936 sites that cite it in text) back to 1996 as well as the BSE Inquiry http://www.bse.org.uk/

Thus for louping ill (unnecessary cites suppressed):

http://www.bse.org.uk/witness/htm/stat537.htm Witness Statements 537 - Coulthard


29.Pituitary FSH from pigs has been used in the USA prior to its use in the UK and much more extensively there and Canada.... 30.Thousands of embryos were exported from this country to the USA prior to the ban being imposed... 42. No cow pituitaries were used in the preparation of FSH [follicular stimulating hormone] products compared with the case of louping ill vaccine for scrapie.

http://www.mad-cow.org/~tom/fda_late.html#ill



In the 1930's: 18,000 UK sheep were inoculated against louping ill, a brain inflammatory illness spread by ticks. Despite formalin-treatment of the inoculated agent, the procedure gave rise to 1,500 cases of scrapie. Louping is a Scottish word for fleeing or leaping, related to loping. In humans, louping ill is called Russian spring-summer encephalitis, a meningo-encephalitis with muscular tremors and spasms followed by varying degrees of paralysis.... [John Lanchester 2 Dec 96 New Yorker]

http://www.foodsafety.org/consumer/ht/ht294.htm



In what the story calls a grand historical irony, this landmark series of experiments was being confirmed at the same time in England as a result of an outbreak of scrapie in several hundred sheep that had been immunized against louping ill with a vaccine prepared from tissue from the brain, spinal cord, and spleen of sheep that were belatedly discovered to have been exposed to natural scrapie infection.[6.Gordon WS. Advances in veterinary research. Vet Rec 1946; 58: 516-520] The transmissible nature of the scrapie agent was thus established beyond any doubt. [P Brown, 1755 and All That: A Historical Primer of TSE.

We need to look at the full text of the article and its cites to see how they actually made the vaccine, whether they exported vaccine-infected sheep to Canada and the US, and what became of the vaccinated flocks. Perhaps there is still sample available, Moredun Institute is still around.

Gordon WS. Advances in veterinary research. Vet Rec 1946; 58: 516-520 (not covered by Medline) Gordon, Bronlee and Wilson 1939 [full cite is available only in a letter we don't have)


Terry was reading Draft Factual Account 17 http://www.bse.org.uk/dfa/dfa17.htm


236. Mrs Alderman replied on 3 June 1988, listing products containing bovine insulin and noting there were two rabies vaccines listed but the species used in manufacture was not shown.[282] 237. On 6 June 1988 Mr Lawrence wrote to Sir Richard Southwood and enclosed some brief answers to the questions that had been tabled at the meeting on 19 May.[283] In relation to Q6, which asked ŒWhat is meat and other material from scrapie infected sheep used for - does it include pet food and material for biological products?¹ Part of the answer stated: ...

There has been one instance of inadvertant [sic] transmission of the scrapie agent to sheep through louping ill vaccine (Gordon, Bronlee and Wilson 1939). One of the three batches of vaccine made in 1935 at the Moredun Institute contained the scrapie agent resulting in 7% of the recipients of the 18, 000 doses in the batch developing scrapie. This vaccine was made from formalin-inactivated sheep brain, and brought to the attention of research workers that formalin, at a concentration of 0.35% for at least 3 months, which inactivated conventional viruses, did not totally inactivate the scrapie agent. ---------------------------- 4. Questions we might want to have answered are: the highest risk would be from parenterals prepared from brain (eg rabies vaccine). Any species in which transmissible spongiform encephalopathies have been described would be suspect (“natural” infections in sheep, goats, cattle, deer, mink, but can be transmitted to hamster, mouse, guinea-pig etc). Are sterilisation processes adequate for the most resistant strain of scrapie agent or for CJD agent? Should companies be asked to include investigation for inclusion of scrapie agent (eg mouse innoculation [sic]) in at least some batches? If BSE behaves like scrapie, then we might expect other nervous tissue, spleen, lymph nodes and placenta to be contaminated. Infection has been described in other tissues too, eg gut wall, and we can not [sic] be sure blood is free. Do we know what bovine materials are used in which products, both as the active ingredient and in production? Bovine active ingredients in human products include insulin, vasopressin, bone, immune globulins, fibrin, dermal collagen, albumin. Bovine serum albumin and fetal calf serum must be used in preparation of very many products. For each of these products would any “BSE agent” be destroyed or eliminated in processing? If not, and the product is administered parenterally or topically into an open wound, might there be a risk? [For oral products, there would only be a trivially increased load on top of that taken in food in omnivores/carnivores including man. But for some herbivores, this might allow the agent to be introduced into yet another species]. -------------------------- Medicines and medical devises;


############ http://mailhost.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/warc/bse-l.html ############




Friday, March 25, 2011


Detection of Prion Protein in Urine-Derived Injectable Fertility Products by a Targeted Proteomic Approach


http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/detection-of-prion-protein-in-urine.html





Tuesday, March 29, 2011


TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY EXPOSURE SPREADING VIA HOSPITALS AND SURGICAL PROCEDURES AROUND THE GLOBE


http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy.html





Friday, March 4, 2011


Alberta dairy cow found with mad cow disease


http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/alberta-dairy-cow-found-with-mad-cow.html




Saturday, March 5, 2011


MAD COW ATYPICAL CJD PRION TSE CASES WITH CLASSIFICATIONS PENDING ON THE RISE IN NORTH AMERICA


http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/mad-cow-atypical-cjd-prion-tse-cases.html




Saturday, March 12, 2011


Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a Canadian resident Infectious Diseases News Brief - March 11, 2011


http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/variant-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-in.html






Wednesday, August 11, 2010


REPORT ON THE INVESTIGATION OF THE SIXTEENTH CASE OF BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) IN CANADA


http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2010/08/report-on-investigation-of-sixteenth.html






Thursday, August 19, 2010

REPORT ON THE INVESTIGATION OF THE SEVENTEENTH CASE OF BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) IN CANADA


http://bseusa.blogspot.com/2010/08/report-on-investigation-of-seventeenth.html





Thursday, February 10, 2011

TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY REPORT UPDATE CANADA FEBRUARY 2011 and how to hide mad cow disease in Canada Current as of: 2011-01-31


http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2011/02/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy.html





Saturday, January 29, 2011

Atypical L-Type Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (L-BSE) Transmission to Cynomolgus Macaques, a Non-Human Primate

Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 64 (1), 81-84, 2011


http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/01/atypical-l-type-bovine-spongiform.html





Wednesday, March 9, 2011


27 U.S. Senators want to force feed Japan Highly Potential North America Mad Cow Beef TSE PRION CJD


March 8, 2011


President Barack Obama The White House


1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, W Washington, DC 20500


Dear President Obama:


http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/27-us-senators-want-to-force-feed-japan.html





CJD QUESTIONNAIRE


WE must make CJD and all human TSE, of all age groups 'reportable' Nationally and .... other pituitary hormones (oxytocin, vasopressin, gonadotropins, .... Newton offered a report on the activities of the CJD Support Group Network in Australia. ..... A New Prionopathy OR more of the same old BSe and sporadic CJD ...


http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/






Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
P.O. Box 42
Bacliff, Texas USA 77518




 CJD Singeltary submission to PLOS ;


 No competing interests declared.


 see full text ;


 
http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?root=363


 
 




Canadian Study Shows Risk of Prion Disease from Urine-Derived, Injectable Fertility Products




Internationally-published report highlights risk of prion proteins in urinary-derived pharmaceuticals





March 24, 2011 (Vancouver, BC) – Women who are injected with urine-derived fertility products may be at risk of developing prion disease, according to a just-released study by an international research team from Canada, France and the United States.



The study, published in the Public Library of Science (PLoS) ONE, for the first time documents the presence of prion protein in urinary-derived fertility products. Prion protein is naturally found in the human body in a harmless form, but is the major constituent of infectious prions in an aggregated misfolded form. Prions are the infectious agents responsible for such transmissible and fatal neurodegenerative diseases as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as “mad cow disease,” in cattle.



More than 300,000 women in Canada and the United States each year are prescribed gonadotropins (fertility hormones), including those that are urine-derived. Although CJD has never been reported in a recipient of urine-derived fertility hormones, the study, which looked at dozens of urine-derived drug samples from various pharmaceutical companies and batches, demonstrated a previously unrecognized risk of contamination with infectious prions.



Transmission of human prion disease can occur through blood transfusion as well as through medical or surgical procedures, including injection of hormones – such as gonadotropins – historically extracted from cadaver pituitary glands. In some cases, prions can incubate in humans for decades when transmitted by medical or surgical procedures.



“While urine donors are screened for symptomatic neurological disease, a lengthy symptom-free incubation period for prion disease, during which the urine of affected donors may be infectious, is impossible to exclude without invasive testing,” said Dr. Neil Cashman, Scientific Director of PrioNet Canada and Canada Research Chair in Neurodegeneration and Protein Misfolding Diseases at the University of British Columbia, who authored the paper with Dr. Daniel Krewski, Director of the R. Samuel McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment at the University of Ottawa.



According to Dr. Cashman, disorders such as CJD – suffered by roughly one in 10,000 people – typically develop in the 60 to 70 year-old age group. With urine donations tending to come?from older women, the risk of transmission of infectious prions may increase, he said. Unlike ?the blood-donor system, current urine-collection systems pool the urine of thousands of donors, so individual donors cannot be traced.



“PrioNet Canada’s mission is to help manage the risks of prion diseases to Canadians, and society at large,” said Dr. Cashman. “By participating in this international research study, we are fulfilling our objectives.”



“Based on the information we now have – including the detection of prions in urine of experimental animals, the relative ease of human-to-human transmission, the risk of prion infection through fertility drug injections, and the young age of fertility drug recipients – it is important to consider whether the risks of these products may now outweigh their benefits,” Dr. Cashman emphasized, adding that the extent of the risk is at this point difficult to determine and further scientific study is required.



According to Dr. Krewski: “Risk management paradigms are shifting towards more proactive, rather than reactive, approaches that are intended to help regulatory systems anticipate and prevent risks to population health.”



“Careful examination of the risk of transmission of human prion disease in pharmaceuticals is now warranted,” Dr. Krewski said, explaining that the study results indicate a need for better screening and tracking of prion diseases related to donor-derived pharmaceuticals. Further investigation into the use of synthetic substitutes that can achieve the same therapeutic results and the extent of prion contamination of urine-derived products, is also needed, he added.



Background This paper was a result of research into the risk of prion disease transmission led by Dr. Neil Cashman, Scientific Director of PrioNet Canada and Canada Research Chair in Neurodegeneration and Protein Misfolding Diseases at the University of British Columbia. Dr. Daniel Krewski, Director of the R. Samuel McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Chair in Risk Science at the University of Ottawa, collaborated in the study, examining the risk management implications of the study results. Dr. Alain Van Dorsselaer, CNRS Research Director at Strasbourg University and Director of the Analytical Sciences Department at the Hubert Curien Institute in France, applied proteomic techniques to document the presence of prion protein in urine-derived fertility drugs.



About PrioNet Canada (www.prionetcanada.ca) ? PrioNet Canada is a national network that capitalizes on fundamental, applied, and social research to develop strategies to help solve the food, health safety, and socioeconomic problems associated with prion diseases. The network brings together academia, industry, and public sector partners through its multidisciplinary research projects, training programs, events, ?and knowledge translation activities. One of Canada’s Networks of Centres of Excellence, PrioNet Canada is hosted by the University of British Columbia and the Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute in Vancouver.



- 30 -



Media information or to set up interviews: Gail Bergman Gail Bergman PR Tel: (905) 886-1340 Email: info@gailbergmanpr.com



Last Updated: 3/24/2011 2:06:54 AM





http://www.prionetcanada.ca/detail.aspx?menu=12&dt=293717&app=70&cat1=211&tp=12&lk=no








again, many many thanks to PLOS for open access !


Nice work Dr. Cashman and Dr. Vandors et al !



i said it about deer hunters pouring 100% cervid urine on themselves (not tested for TSE), and i said it about prermarine made from horse urine and other products, some 14 years or so ago. i believe it was premarine, made from horse urine that my mom was taking, and before anybody says anything, don't count your mad chickens before they have hatched, as there was a reported mad horse disease that the officials did the same thing they did with dogs. they covered the TSE up, as there were already enough documented cases of TSE in different species. day late and a dollar short, and now that all funding has been ceased on TSE research, government and industry officials have all the TSE problems solved $$$ how many strains, and how many humans and animals have to become exposed, and die, before our industry and government (both of the same) start taking these human TSE seriously ? the UKBSEnvCJD only theory was bogus, we know it now, but yet it seems we are back in the prehistoric days of the TSE in the UK. Vickey Rimmer was 16 years old and died from the same damn thing as all the rest, but they made up a lie at Vickey Rimmer, and the UKBSEnvCJD only theory was born. i have read the BSE Inquiry page by page since inception, and i know it by heart. the DFA's were the best. before they went online, i was having them flown to me via foia and Her Majesty's Air Mail. it's like we have gone back in time. i am not talking about scientist, i am talking about industry, government. it's like they learned from the debackle in the UK, and THAT will never happen again. and they even said it ;




In Confidence - Perceptions of unconventional slow virus diseases of animals in the USA - APRIL-MAY 1989 - G A H Wells

3. Prof. A Robertson gave a brief account of BSE. The US approach was to accord it a very low profile indeed. Dr. A Thiermann showed the picture in the ''Independent'' with cattle being incinerated and thought this was a fanatical incident to be avoided in the US at all costs. BSE was not reported in the USA.

snip...

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102193705/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf




How could it be with the infamous 2004 enhanced BSE cover up program. it failed from all sides, so the USA shut it down to testing numbers so low, it would never be found, unless by accident, and then simply not reported. i know you can't acknowledge this, and maybe not even agree with my beliefs, but i proved it to myself, and many others. even paul brown admitted it. it's disgusting to me, it infuriates me, especially the zero funding now. they will fund them gd tamahawk cruise missles at a million dollar a pop, the first day launching some 110 or so .........110 million down the drain in one day. only 6 tamahawk cruise missile would have contued funding for prion work. only six. i don't understand. i don't guess i was suppose too. ...TSS



All Other Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases CDC's FY 2012 request of $52,658,000 for all other emerging and zoonotic infectious disease activities is a decrease of $13,607,000 below the FY 2010 level, which includes the elimination of Prion activities ($5,473,000), a reduction for other cross-cutting infectious disease activities, and administrative savings. These funds support a range of critical emerging and zoonotic infectious disease programs such Lyme Disease, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Special Pathogens, as well as other activities described below.

http://www.cdc.gov/fmo/topic/Budget%20Information/appropriations_budget_form_pdf/FY2012_CDC_CJ_Final.pdf



IN CONFIDENCE

SUSPECT BSE IN A HORSE

CYO BSE 1 9

IN CONFIDENCE

SUSPECT BSE IN A HORSE

The Parliamentary Secretary (Mr Maclean) will wish to be aware that, in making his differential diagnosis, a veterinary surgeon in the Reading area has included the possibility of BSE in a horse under his care. Although it is unlikely to be BSE, because of the symptoms exhibited the veterinarian believes that he cannot exclude the possibility. The case was brought to the notice of one of the veterinary staff at the CVL by the owner's veterinary surgeon and liaison is being maintained.

The horse in question is a five-year old eventing gelding which was purchased by the present owner about four months ago. Approximately two months after purchase the animal became a little apprehensive, developed mild nervous symptoms and became over-sensitive to noise. The nervous symptoms have increased and the horse is now practically impossible to ride. Investigations by the owner's private veterinary surgeon are continuing but it is likely that the animal will have to be destroyed.

If the horse should die or be destroyed, a full post-mortem examination will be required for insurance purposes and will probably be carried out at a non-Ministry laboratory. However, Mr Bradley of the Pathology Department, CVL, has informed the private veterinary surgeon that he is willing to provide a second opinion on the brain histology if requested.

I will keep the Parliamentary Secretary informed of any further developments in the case.

I CRAWFORD

14 May 1990

Mr M P H Hill, PS/Parliamentary secretary (Mr Maclean) - by FAX

cc:

Private Offices

Mr K C Meldrum

Mrs E A J Attridge D J Evans Mr K C Taylor Mr R Lawson Mr R Bradley. CVL

(hand written notes i cannot read all (cut short) as follows...tss)

The Parliamentary Secretary (Mr Maclean was grateful for this. He said that we must keep very close to ...on it, and when the horse dies, or is put down we must be told immediately. He also feels it is very important that our veterinary staff be involved in the brain examination. .........(cannot read the rest .............TSS)

90/05.14/10.1

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090114125643/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/05/14010001.pdf




Mr A Huws Principal WOAD2A CP2

SUSPECT BSE IN A HORSE

You will wish to be aware that on Thursday afternoon 25 June the T/DVO Powys received a phone call from a veterinary Surgeon reporting his suspicion that a horse had ___contracted BSE after having been fed cattle cake___.

The clinical symptoms described were similar to those shown by cattle there ___being a similar case some months ago on the same premises___.

The owner' s name and address is:

Irene Thomas J Thomas & Company Riding Stables Penybryn Llangorse Brecon

The horse is a 12 year old gelding used for pony trekking.

By yesterday evening the horse was in a comatose state and on humane grounds was destroyed by the veterinary Surgeon. At his request a full post mortem and laboratory investigation will be carried out at the Carmarthen Veterinary Investigation Centre this morning to ascertain the exact cause; I have been told this will take at least two weeks. Charges to the veterinary Surgeon have been waived in this instance.

I will inform you immediately I receive a diagnosis.

26 June 1990

D SUMMERS DRVO

cc

Mr D R Williams, RVO

Mr A R Hunter, SVIO

90/06.26/10.1

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/06/26009001.pdf




Mr A Huws Principal WOAD2A CP2

SUSPECT BSE IN A HORSE

You will wish to be aware that on Thursday afternoon 25 June the T/DVO Powys received a phone call from a veterinary Surgeon reporting his suspicion that a horse had contracted BSE after having been fed cattle cake. The clinical symptoms described were similar to those shown by cattle there being a similar case some months ago on the same premises.

The owner' s name and address is:

Irene Thomas J Thomas & Company Riding Stables Penybryn Llangorse Brecon

The horse is a 12 year old gelding used for pony trekking.

By yesterday evening the horse was in a comatose state and on humane grounds was destroyed by the veterinary Surgeon. At his request a full post mortem and laboratory investigation will be carried out at the Carmarthen Veterinary Investigation Centre this morning to ascertain the exact cause; I have been told this will take at least two weeks. Charges to the veterinary Surgeon have been waived in this instance.

I will inform you immediately I receive a diagnosis.

26 June 1990

D SUMMERS DRVO

cc

Mr D R Williams, RVO

Mr A R Hunter, SVIO

90/06.26/10.1

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/06/26010001.pdf




http://equinespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/




AND WHY DIDN'T WE TEST THE HORSE, the same reason they did not follow up on testing of scrapie to chimp, they new what would happen, and said it ;




IN CONFIDENCE

reference...

RB3.20

TRANSMISSION TO CHIMPANZEES

1. Kuru and CJD have been successfully transmitted to chimpanzees but scrapie and TME have not.

2. We cannot say that scrapie will not transmit to chimpanzees. There are several scrapie strains and I am not aware that all have been tried (that would have to be from mouse passaged material). Nor has a wide enough range of field isolates subsequently strain typed in mice been inoculated by the appropriate routes (i/c, ilp and i/v) :

3. I believe the proposed experiment to determine transmissibility, if conducted, would only show the susceptibility or resistance of the chimpanzee to infection/disease by the routes used and the result could not be interpreted for the predictability of the susceptibility for man. Proposals for prolonged oral exposure of chimpanzees to milk from cattle were suggested a long while ago and rejected.

4. In view of Dr Gibbs' probable use of chimpazees Mr Wells' comments (enclosed) are pertinent. I have yet to receive a direct communication from Dr Schellekers but before any collaboration or provision of material we should identify the Gibbs' proposals and objectives.

5. A positive result from a chimpanzee challenged severely would likely create alarm in some circles even if the result could not be interpreted for man. I have a view that all these agents could be transmitted provided a large enough dose by appropriate routes was given and the animals kept long enough. Until the mechanisms of the species barrier are more clearly understood it might be best to retain that hypothesis.

6. A negative result would take a lifetime to determine but that would be a shorter period than might be available for human exposure and it would still not answer the question regarding mans' susceptibility. In the meantime no doubt the negativity would be used defensively. It would however be counterproductive if the experiment finally became positive. We may learn more about public reactions following next Monday' s meeting.

R. Bradley

23 September 1990

CVO (+Mr Wells' comments)

Dr T W A Little

Dr B J Shreeve

90/9.23/1.1.

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102222950/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/23001001.pdf




WHAT ABOUT THAT 100% URINE FROM DEER THAT HUNTERS USE, WHAT ABOUT RISK FACTOR FROM CWD ;


Subject: CWD/POTENTIAL SOURCE/URINE/HUNTERS ? (Mrs. Doe Pee Doe in Estrus)

Date: Sun, 14 Jul 2002 08:42:51 -0700

From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

To: BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de


######## Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########


1: Hum Reprod 2002 Jul;17(7):1676-80 Bye-bye urinary gonadotrophins?: Is there a risk of prion diseaseafter the administration of urinary-derived gonadotrophins?

Balen A.

Department of Reproductive Medicine, The General Infirmary, LeedsLS2 9NS, UK. E-mail: adam.balen@leedsth.nhs.uk

Concern has been raised recently about the possibility of prionproteins appearing in the urine of animals and, possibly, humansaffected by prion disease [scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy(BSE) and Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (CJD)]. A debate has started inwhich the suggestion has been made that the purification of human urinefor the provision of gonadotrophins should be discontinued. Thealternative would be to use recombinantly-derived gonadotrophinpreparations. The recombinant products, however, rely upon bovine serumduring the cell culture process and could potentially also be exposed toabnormal prion proteins. It is reassuring that the different types ofgonadotrophin preparations that are currently available are producedwith either urine or bovine serum that is sourced from countries that atthe present time appear to be free of BSE and new variant CJD. We cantherefore be reassured that the gonadotrophins that we usetherapeutically appear to be equally safe.


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12093821&dopt=Abstract




Greetings List,

besides the _animal protein_ in deer/elk feed, and the CWDinfected road-kill that goes to render to be manufacturedinto feed, not to mention the Scrapie infected sheep of thepast, and Lord only knows about the cattle, but what aboutthe 100% deer urine they use to atract deer ? just one example of many below;



CWD/POTENTIAL SOURCE/URINE/HUNTERS ?


Mrs. Doe Pee Doe in Estrus

Model FDE1 Mrs. Doe Pee's Doe in Estrus is made from Estrus urinecollected at the peak of the rut, blended with Fresh Doe Urine for anextremely effective buck enticer. Use pre-rut before the does come intoheat. Use during full rut when bucks are most active. Use duringpost-rut when bucks are still actively looking for does. 1 oz. http://www.gamecalls.net/huntingproducts/deerlures.html

ELK SCENT/SPRAY BOTTLE * Works anytime of the year* 100 % Cow Elk-in-Heat urine (2oz.)* Economical - mix with water in spray mist bottle* Use wind to your advantage Product Code WP-ESB $9.95 http://www.elkinc.com/Scent.asp



prions in urine? [PDF] A URINE TEST FOR THE IN-VIVO DIAGNOSIS OF PRION DISEASES

http://www.sigov.si/vurs/PDF/diagnoastika-bse-urin.pdf



TSS


########### http://mailhost.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/warc/bse-l.html ############





Saturday, March 5, 2011

MAD COW ATYPICAL CJD PRION TSE CASES WITH CLASSIFICATIONS PENDING ON THE RISE IN NORTH AMERICA

http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/mad-cow-atypical-cjd-prion-tse-cases.html



Thursday, July 08, 2010

GLOBAL CLUSTERS OF CREUTZFELDT JAKOB DISEASE - A REVIEW 2010

http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/07/global-clusters-of-creutzfeldt-jakob.html



Sunday, May 18, 2008

BSE Inquiry DRAFT FACTUAL ACCOUNT DFA BSE Inquiry DRAFT FACTUAL ACCOUNTS DFA's

http://bseinquiry.blogspot.com/2008/05/bse-inquiry-draft-factual-account-dfa.html



Sunday, May 18, 2008 BSE, CJD, and Baby foods (the great debate 1999 to 2005)

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

BSE-L is a discussion forum for scientists who are interested in Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). BSE-L has been created on 20th July, 1994 by Siegfried Schmitt. Impressum: http://www.kaliv.de/impressum.html

LISTS.AEGEE.ORG ( BSE-L: 61 matches baby foods (only the first 50 will be shown).. )

http://bseinquiry.blogspot.com/2008/05/bse-cjd-and-baby-foods-great-debate.html



Sunday, May 18, 2008

MAD COW DISEASE BSE CJD CHILDREN VACCINES Sunday, May 18, 2008

MAD COW DISEASE BSE CJD CHILDREN VACCINES

TIP740203/l 0424 CONFIDENTIAL

http://www.mad-cow.org/00/may00_news.html#aaa



snip...please see full text ;

http://bseinquiry.blogspot.com/2008/05/mad-cow-disease-bse-cjd-children.html



Monday, May 19, 2008

SPORADIC CJD IN FARMERS, FARMERS WIVES, FROM FARMS WITH BSE HERD AND ABATTOIRS

‘The first farmer’ – August 1992

5.7 At the beginning of August 1992, Dr Will confidentially informed Dr Ailsa Wight (DH, senior medical officer with responsibility for TSEs), that a probable case of CJD had occurred in a 60-year-old farmer whose farm, in the Manchester area, had a history of BSE. Dr Wight passed on this information to Sir Kenneth Calman (CMO) on 13 August 1992, stating that the CJD patient was alive and had been visited by the CJDSU.188 Although unconfirmed, the diagnosis was considered likely to be CJD on clinical grounds. Dr Wight advised that: There is no direct evidence that the two events (BSE and CJD) are linked and Dr Will feels they are probably a coincidence. Despite the rarity of CJD, it was perhaps only a matter of time before this situation arose, given the large numbers of people employed in the agricultural and related industries, and the fact that BSE cases now total over 65,000.189

5.8 This ‘first case’ of CJD in a cattle farmer was discussed by SEAC190 at their 13th meeting on 15 October 1992.191 Dr Will informed the meeting that one of the farmer’s cows had confirmed BSE in 1989 and that the farmer had developed CJD two years later.192........

snip...

20 year old died from sCJD in USA in 1980 and a 16 year old in 1981. A 19 year old died from sCJD in France in 1985. There is no evidence of an iatrogenic cause for those cases....

http://web.archive.org/web/20030330212925/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1995/10/04004001.pdf



snip...

please remember, all the farmers that had BSE herds that died from CJD, and there was a wife of a farmer that had BSE herd, also died from CJD, all these victims died from sporadic CJD. the changed the game after they bungled vickey rimmers case. she had sporadic CJD, but they didn't changed the diagnostic criteria until after her case. SHE WAS 16 YEARS OLD AND WAS THE TURNING POINT OF THE BIG LIE, ALL CASES IN ADOLESCENTS AFTER HERS WERE NVcjd...go figure $$$

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102171746/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/01/25007001.pdf



HUSH UP, GOVERNMENT DOCTOR TELLS GRAN, YOU MUST THINK OF THE ECONOMY $$$

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102185523/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/01/25009001.pdf




I have interviewed Mrs Rimmer at my constituency surgery

IF there is nothing to hide, why is there so much SECRECY? WHY is the Government and other Bodies trying to stop any CHANCE OF PEOPLE CONNECTING THE TWO DISEASES. The B.S.E. problem is obvious, but if the correct measures are taken, surely the problem could be contained, however, as it stands the lack of investigation and interest of the possibility of B.S.E. and C.J.D. being linked is open for speculation and surely someone has to account for peoples lives! WHY is so much trouble being taken to convice people that B.S.E. and C.J.D. are not linked? Guilty Conscience perhaps ? - or cover up?

HOUSE OF COMMONS

FROM BARRY JONES, M.P.

22 FEBRUARY 1994

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090114175123/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/02/22009001.pdf




THE COVER-UP BEGINS $$$ NOW THERE IS NO EVIDENCE OF CJD $$$


http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090114175920/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/06/06004001.pdf




3. The Medical Director at ___________________ Hospital advised the Department on 6 June that the results of ___________________ brain biopsy had been received and that it showed NO EVIDENCE OF CJD. ______________ Hospital subsequently issued a statement to the press to this effect and this was publicised widely in the press (doc 1). News coverage which followed suggested that the statement made by ________________ Hospital had been misleading (doc 2). Enquires have been made of the Medical Director at _______________ Hospital who has CONFIRMED THAT THE STATEMENT ISSUED BY THE HOSPITAL WAS ISSUED IN ERROR. The facts are that two pathology reports on the same piece of brain tissue were recieved. The first report indicated that CJD was unlikely, The second report indicated that CJD was possible, PERHAPS EVEN LIKELY, but that no definitive diagnosis could be made before a post mortem was undertaken.

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090506051510/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/06/08006001.pdf




(ONLY PROBLEM IS, VICKY RIMMER, 16, DID NOT DIE FROM nvCJD, SHE DIED FROM SPORADIC CJD, the same damn thing. ...TSS)

please see full text ;

http://bseinquiry.blogspot.com/2008/05/sporadic-cjd-in-farmers-farmers-wives.html




Thursday, July 10, 2008

A New Prionopathy update July 10, 2008

snip...

DOES ANYONE BESIDES ME SEE A PATTERN YET ???

Vickey Rimmer, 16, DID NOT DIE FROM nvCJD, she died from a form of sporadic CJD, whatever the hell that is. and there have been 16 year old die from sporadic CJD in the USA as well.

SIMPLY PUT, the ukbsenvcjd only theory was wrong from day one. the elderly are expendable, pets and kids are not.

Science was dictated by 'big buisness' after the Vickey Rimmer case with the ukbsenvcjd only myth.

snip...

Sporadic creutzfeldt-jakob disease in two adolescents

http://jnnp.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/jnnp.2006.104570v1



see full text sporadic CJD the big lie;

snip...

IT seems we have come full circle from the 'ORIGINAL 10' i.e. the 1st 10 adolescents in the UKBSEnvCJD only theory. and now we find us at the 1st 10 in USA, or is it the first 10, or the tip of the iceburg, many that went undocumented ???

lets look at the full circle, to date ;

http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/new-prionopathy-update-july-10-2008.html



Sunday, August 10, 2008

A New Prionopathy OR more of the same old BSe and sporadic CJD

http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/new-prionopathy-or-more-of-same-old-bse.html



HUMAN and ANIMAL TSE Classifications i.e. mad cow disease and the UKBSEnvCJD only theory JUNE 2008

snip...

Tissue infectivity and strain typing of the many variants Manuscript of the human and animal TSEs are paramount in all variants of all TSE. There must be a proper classification that will differentiate between all these human TSE in order to do this. With the CDI and other more sensitive testing coming about, I only hope that my proposal will some day be taken seriously. ...

snip...

http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/06/human-and-animal-tse-classifications-ie.html



SNIP...

http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/04/unusually-presenting-case-of-scjdthe.html



Sunday, August 09, 2009

CJD...Straight talk with...James Ironside...and...Terry Singeltary... 2009

http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/08/cjdstraight-talk-withjames.html



Thursday, July 22, 2010

BSE INQUIRY DFA 18 COSMETICS

From: TSS

Subject: Use of Materials Derived From Cattle in Human Food and Cosmetics [Docket No. 2004N-0081] RIN 0910-AF47

Date: April 17, 2008 at 2:41 pm PST

http://bseinquiry.blogspot.com/2010/07/bse-inquiry-dfa-18-cosmetics.html



this was sent to me in 2000-2001, this was someone working in Washington for the USDA. i never did find out who they were ;



DEEP THROAT TO TSS 2000-2001


(take these old snips of emails with how ever many grains of salt you wish. ...tss)


The most frightening thing I have read all day is the report of Gambetti's finding of a new strain of sporadic cjd in young people...Dear God, what in the name of all that is holy is that!!! If the US has different strains of scrapie.....why???? than the UK...then would the same mechanisms that make different strains of scrapie here make different strains of BSE...if the patterns are different in sheep and mice for scrapie.....could not the BSE be different in the cattle, in the mink, in the humans.......I really think the slides or tissues and everything from these young people with the new strain of sporadic cjd should be put up to be analyzed by many, many experts in cjd........bse.....scrapie Scrape the damn slide and put it into mice.....wait.....chop up the mouse brain and and spinal cord........put into some more mice.....dammit amplify the thing and start the damned research.....This is NOT rocket science...we need to use what we know and get off our butts and move....the whining about how long everything takes.....well it takes a whole lot longer if you whine for a year and then start the research!!!

Not sure where I read this but it was a recent press release or something like that: I thought I would fall out of my chair when I read about how there was no worry about infectivity from a histopath slide or tissues because they are preserved in formic acid, or formalin or formaldehyde.....for God's sake........ Ask any pathologist in the UK what the brain tissues in the formalin looks like after a year.......it is a big fat sponge...the agent continues to eat the brain ......you can't make slides anymore because the agent has never stopped........and the old slides that are stained with Hemolysin and Eosin......they get holier and holier and degenerate and continue...what you looked at 6 months ago is not there........Gambetti better be photographing every damned thing he is looking at.....

Okay, you need to know. You don't need to pass it on as nothing will come of it and there is not a damned thing anyone can do about it. Don't even hint at it as it will be denied and laughed at.......... USDA is gonna do as little as possible until there is actually a human case in the USA of the nvcjd........if you want to move this thing along and shake the earth....then we gotta get the victims families to make sure whoever is doing the autopsy is credible, trustworthy, and a saint with the courage of Joan of Arc........I am not kidding!!!! so, unless we get a human death from EXACTLY the same form with EXACTLY the same histopath lesions as seen in the UK nvcjd........forget any action........it is ALL gonna be sporadic!!!

And, if there is a case.......there is gonna be every effort to link it to international travel, international food, etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. They will go so far as to find out if a sex partner had ever traveled to the UK/europe, etc. etc. .... It is gonna be a long, lonely, dangerous twisted journey to the truth. They have all the cards, all the money, and are willing to threaten and carry out those threats....and this may be their biggest downfall...

Thanks as always for your help. (Recently had a very startling revelation from a rather senior person in government here..........knocked me out of my chair........you must keep pushing. If I was a power person....I would be demanding that there be a least a million bovine tested as soon as possible and agressively seeking this disease. The big players are coming out of the woodwork as there is money to be made!!! In short: "FIRE AT WILL"!!! for the very dumb....who's "will"! "Will be the burden to bare if there is any coverup!"

again it was said years ago and it should be taken seriously....BSE will NEVER be found in the US!

As for the BSE conference call...I think you did a great service to freedom of information and making some people feign integrity...I find it scary to see that most of the "experts" are employed by the federal government or are supported on the "teat" of federal funds. A scary picture! I hope there is a confidential panel organized by the new government to really investigate this thing.

You need to watch your back........but keep picking at them.......like a buzzard to the bone...you just may get to the truth!!! (You probably have more support than you know. Too many people are afraid to show you or let anyone else know. I have heard a few things myself... you ask the questions that everyone else is too afraid to ask.)


=====================================


THIS same person helped me get into this ;

Subject: BSE--U.S. 50 STATE CONFERENCE CALL Jan. 9, 2001

Date: Tue, 9 Jan 2001 16:49:00 -0800

From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

To: BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de

######### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########

Greetings List Members,

I was lucky enough to sit in on this BSE conference call today and even managed to ask a question. that is when the trouble started.

I submitted a version of my notes to Sandra Blakeslee of the New York Times, whom seemed very upset, and rightly so.

"They tell me it is a closed meeting and they will release whatever information they deem fit. Rather infuriating."

and i would have been doing just fine, until i asked my question. i was surprised my time to ask a question so quick. ...............

please see full text ;

http://bseusa.blogspot.com/2010/04/upcoming-bse-webinar-on-thursday-april.html




BANNED MAD COW FEED IN COMMERCE IN ALABAMA where the infamous only g-h-BSE mad cow case has been documented in the world ;



Date: September 6, 2006 at 7:58 am PST PRODUCT

a) EVSRC Custom dairy feed, Recall # V-130-6;

b) Performance Chick Starter, Recall # V-131-6;

c) Performance Quail Grower, Recall # V-132-6;

d) Performance Pheasant Finisher, Recall # V-133-6.

CODE None RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Donaldson & Hasenbein/dba J&R Feed Service, Inc., Cullman, AL, by telephone on June 23, 2006 and by letter dated July 19, 2006. Firm initiated recall is complete.

REASON

Dairy and poultry feeds were possibly contaminated with ruminant based protein.

VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 477.72 tons

DISTRIBUTION AL

______________________________

http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00968.html



PRODUCT Bulk custom dairy pre-mixes,

Recall # V-120-6 CODE None RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Ware Milling Inc., Houston, MS, by telephone on June 23, 2006. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Possible contamination of dairy animal feeds with ruminant derived meat and bone meal.

VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 350 tons

DISTRIBUTION AL and MS

______________________________

PRODUCT

a) Tucker Milling, LLC Tm 32% Sinking Fish Grower, #2680-Pellet, 50 lb. bags, Recall # V-121-6;

b) Tucker Milling, LLC #31120, Game Bird Breeder Pellet, 50 lb. bags, Recall # V-122-6;

c) Tucker Milling, LLC #31232 Game Bird Grower, 50 lb. bags, Recall # V-123-6;

d) Tucker Milling, LLC 31227-Crumble, Game Bird Starter, BMD Medicated, 50 lb bags, Recall # V-124-6;

e) Tucker Milling, LLC #31120, Game Bird Breeder, 50 lb bags, Recall # V-125-6;

f) Tucker Milling, LLC #30230, 30 % Turkey Starter, 50 lb bags, Recall # V-126-6;

g) Tucker Milling, LLC #30116, TM Broiler Finisher, 50 lb bags, Recall # V-127-6

CODE All products manufactured from 02/01/2005 until 06/20/2006 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Recalling Firm: Tucker Milling LLC, Guntersville, AL, by telephone and visit on June 20, 2006, and by letter on June 23, 2006. Manufacturer: H. J. Baker and Brothers Inc., Stamford, CT. Firm initiated recall is ongoing.

REASON Poultry and fish feeds which were possibly contaminated with ruminant based protein were not labeled as "Do not feed to ruminants".

VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 7,541-50 lb bags

DISTRIBUTION AL, GA, MS, and TN

END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR AUGUST 9, 2006

###

http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ENFORCE/2006/ENF00964.html

Subject: MAD COW FEED RECALL AL AND FL VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 125 TONS Products manufactured from 02/01/2005 until 06/06/2006

Date: August 6, 2006 at 6:16 pm PST PRODUCT

a) CO-OP 32% Sinking Catfish, Recall # V-100-6;

b) Performance Sheep Pell W/Decox/A/N, medicated, net wt. 50 lbs, Recall # V-101-6;

c) Pro 40% Swine Conc Meal -- 50 lb, Recall # V-102-6;

d) CO-OP 32% Sinking Catfish Food Medicated, Recall # V-103-6;

e) "Big Jim's" BBB Deer Ration, Big Buck Blend, Recall # V-104-6;

f) CO-OP 40% Hog Supplement Medicated Pelleted, Tylosin 100 grams/ton, 50 lb. bag, Recall # V-105-6;

g) Pig Starter Pell II, 18% W/MCDX Medicated 282020, Carbadox -- 0.0055%, Recall # V-106-6;

h) CO-OP STARTER-GROWER CRUMBLES, Complete Feed for Chickens from Hatch to 20 Weeks, Medicated, Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate, 25 and 50 Lbs, Recall # V-107-6;

i) CO-OP LAYING PELLETS, Complete Feed for Laying Chickens, Recall # 108-6;

j) CO-OP LAYING CRUMBLES, Recall # V-109-6;

k) CO-OP QUAIL FLIGHT CONDITIONER MEDICATED, net wt 50 Lbs, Recall # V-110-6;

l) CO-OP QUAIL STARTER MEDICATED, Net Wt. 50 Lbs, Recall # V-111-6;

m) CO-OP QUAIL GROWER MEDICATED, 50 Lbs, Recall # V-112-6 CODE

Product manufactured from 02/01/2005 until 06/06/2006

RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Alabama Farmers Cooperative, Inc., Decatur, AL, by telephone, fax, email and visit on June 9, 2006. FDA initiated recall is complete.

REASON Animal and fish feeds which were possibly contaminated with ruminant based protein not labeled as "Do not feed to ruminants".

VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 125 tons

DISTRIBUTION AL and FL

END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR AUGUST 2, 2006

###

http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00963.html

MAD COW FEED RECALL USA EQUALS 10,878.06 TONS NATIONWIDE Sun Jul 16, 2006 09:22 71.248.128.67

RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: VETERINARY MEDICINE -- CLASS II

______________________________

PRODUCT

a) PRO-LAK, bulk weight, Protein Concentrate for Lactating Dairy Animals, Recall # V-079-6;

b) ProAmino II, FOR PREFRESH AND LACTATING COWS, net weight 50lb (22.6 kg), Recall # V-080-6;

c) PRO-PAK, MARINE & ANIMAL PROTEIN CONCENTRATE FOR USE IN ANIMAL FEED, Recall # V-081-6;

d) Feather Meal, Recall # V-082-6 CODE

a) Bulk

b) None

c) Bulk

d) Bulk

RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER H. J. Baker & Bro., Inc., Albertville, AL, by telephone on June 15, 2006 and by press release on June 16, 2006. Firm initiated recall is ongoing.

REASON

Possible contamination of animal feeds with ruminent derived meat and bone meal.

VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 10,878.06 tons

DISTRIBUTION Nationwide

END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR July 12, 2006

###

http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00960.html


10,000,000+ LBS. of PROHIBITED BANNED MAD COW FEED I.E. BLOOD LACED MBM IN COMMERCE USA 2007

Date: March 21, 2007 at 2:27 pm PST

RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: VETERINARY MEDICINES -- CLASS II

___________________________________

PRODUCT

Bulk cattle feed made with recalled Darling's 85% Blood Meal, Flash Dried, Recall # V-024-2007

CODE

Cattle feed delivered between 01/12/2007 and 01/26/2007

RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER

Pfeiffer, Arno, Inc, Greenbush, WI. by conversation on February 5, 2007.

Firm initiated recall is ongoing.

REASON

Blood meal used to make cattle feed was recalled because it was cross- contaminated with prohibited bovine meat and bone meal that had been manufactured on common equipment and labeling did not bear cautionary BSE statement.

VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE

42,090 lbs.

DISTRIBUTION

WI

___________________________________

PRODUCT

Custom dairy premix products: MNM ALL PURPOSE Pellet, HILLSIDE/CDL Prot- Buffer Meal, LEE, M.-CLOSE UP PX Pellet, HIGH DESERT/ GHC LACT Meal, TATARKA, M CUST PROT Meal, SUNRIDGE/CDL PROTEIN Blend, LOURENZO, K PVM DAIRY Meal, DOUBLE B DAIRY/GHC LAC Mineral, WEST PIONT/GHC CLOSEUP Mineral, WEST POINT/GHC LACT Meal, JENKS, J/COMPASS PROTEIN Meal, COPPINI - 8# SPECIAL DAIRY Mix, GULICK, L-LACT Meal (Bulk), TRIPLE J - PROTEIN/LACTATION, ROCK CREEK/GHC MILK Mineral, BETTENCOURT/GHC S.SIDE MK-MN, BETTENCOURT #1/GHC MILK MINR, V&C DAIRY/GHC LACT Meal, VEENSTRA, F/GHC LACT Meal, SMUTNY, A- BYPASS ML W/SMARTA, Recall # V-025-2007

CODE

The firm does not utilize a code - only shipping documentation with commodity and weights identified.

RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER

Rangen, Inc, Buhl, ID, by letters on February 13 and 14, 2007. Firm initiated recall is complete.

REASON

Products manufactured from bulk feed containing blood meal that was cross contaminated with prohibited meat and bone meal and the labeling did not bear cautionary BSE statement.

VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE

9,997,976 lbs.

DISTRIBUTION

ID and NV

END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR MARCH 21, 2007

http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/EnforcementReports/2007/ucm120446.htm


P.9.21

Molecular characterization of BSE in Canada

Jianmin Yang1, Sandor Dudas2, Catherine Graham2, Markus Czub3, Tim McAllister1, Stefanie Czub1 1Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Canada; 2National and OIE BSE Reference Laboratory, Canada; 3University of Calgary, Canada

Background: Three BSE types (classical and two atypical) have been identified on the basis of molecular characteristics of the misfolded protein associated with the disease. To date, each of these three types have been detected in Canadian cattle.

Objectives: This study was conducted to further characterize the 16 Canadian BSE cases based on the biochemical properties of there associated PrPres. Methods: Immuno-reactivity, molecular weight, glycoform profiles and relative proteinase K sensitivity of the PrPres from each of the 16 confirmed Canadian BSE cases was determined using modified Western blot analysis.

Results: Fourteen of the 16 Canadian BSE cases were C type, 1 was H type and 1 was L type. The Canadian H and L-type BSE cases exhibited size shifts and changes in glycosylation similar to other atypical BSE cases. PK digestion under mild and stringent conditions revealed a reduced protease resistance of the atypical cases compared to the C-type cases. N terminal- specific antibodies bound to PrPres from H type but not from C or L type. The C-terminal-specific antibodies resulted in a shift in the glycoform profile and detected a fourth band in the Canadian H-type BSE.

Discussion: The C, L and H type BSE cases in Canada exhibit molecular characteristics similar to those described for classical and atypical BSE cases from Europe and Japan. This supports the theory that the importation of BSE contaminated feedstuff is the source of C-type BSE in Canada. It also suggests a similar cause or source for atypical BSE in these countries.

http://www.prion2009.com/sites/default/files/Prion2009_Book_of_Abstracts.pdf



Monday, April 5, 2010

Update on Feed Enforcement Activities to Limit the Spread of BSE April 5, 2010

http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2010/04/update-on-feed-enforcement-activities.html



RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: VETMED -- CLASS II ________

PRODUCT & CODES: Animal feed products, packaged in 5, 25, 50, and 55 pound bags, and in bulk, intended for both ruminant and non-ruminant animals. The products are as follows: Recall # V-195-1 through V-350-1.

RUMINANT FEED PRODUCTS: RECALL NO. PRODUCT NO. PRODUCT NAME

V-195-1 40150 B. 30% Calf Pellet V-196-1 40250 B. 16% Calf Pellet V-197-1 40350 B. 16% Calf Ration V-198-1 40450 B. 18% Calf Starter V-199-1 40600 B. 38% Dairy Pellet V-200-1 40650 B. 38% Dairy Pellet V-201-1 40750 B. 16% Dairy Feed V-202-1 40950 B. 40% Beef Pellet V-203-1 41150 B. 18% Lamb Starter Pellet V-204-1 41250 B. 39% Lamb Conc. Pellet V-205-1 41350 B. 14% Lamb & Beef Pellet V-206-1 41450 B. 16% Goat Feed V-207-1 42150 B. 32% Expectation Pellet V-208-1 42250 B. Llama & Alpaca Pellet V-209-1 42350 B. 32% Calf Grower Pellet V-210-1 42650 B. Llama & Alpaca Crums V-211-1 42750 B. 38% Hay Booster 2 V-212-1 42850 B. 25% Pasture Booster V-213-1 43100 B. 16% Grower/Dev Pellet V-214-1 43150 B. 16% Grower/Dev Pellet V-215-1 43700 WH 32% Calf Gro Pellet V-216-1 43750 WH 32% Calf Gro Pellet V-217-1 43850 B. 38% Dairy Mix V-218-1 44250 B. 17% Doe Pellet V-219-1 44350 B. 21% Buck Pellet V-220-1 44450 Legends Ranch Pellet V-221-1 44500 Legends 17% Breeder Pellet V-222-1 1652 B. Vitamin E-20 V-223-1 1614 B. Vitamin A-30 V-224-1 44550 Legends 17% Breeder Pellet V-225-1 44650 Legends 13.5% Rut Pellet V-226-1 44750 Deer Starter (J) V-227-1 44940 Llama Premix (J) FSC V-228-1 45150 Empire 25% Calf Pellet V-229-1 45450 Berry Llama Pellet V-230-1 45950 50% Beef Conc. (Meal) V-231-1 46250 B. 12% Sweet Livestock V-232-1 46350 B. 1440 Bovatec Pellet V-233-1 46400 Liberty 38% Dairy Pellet V-234-1 46450 Liberty 38% Dairy Pellet V-235-1 47150 B. 14% Gold-n-Grower V-236-1 47250 B. 12% Gold-n-Conditioner V-237-1 47450 B. 18% Gold-n-Lamb V-238-1 47800 Homeworth Dairy Pellet V-239-1 47850 Homeworth Dairy Pellet V-240-1 47900 B. 36% Hi Fat Dairy Pellet V-241-1 47950 B. 36% Hi Fat Dairy Pellet V-242-1 48550 B. 16% Calf Pellet CA V-243-1 49200 Mastead Dairy Base V-244-1 49300 KLEJKA Dairy Base V-245-1 49650 Deer Premix (J) HFB V-246-1 49750 39% Lamb Premix (J) HFB V-247-1 49850 Lamb Starter Premix (J) HFB V-248-1 120850 Brood Cow Deluxe Mineral V-249-1 152850 B. A-D-E Mix

NON-RUMINANT FEED PRODUCTS:

V-250-1 10150 B. Miracle Starter V-251-1 10350 B. 21% Broiler Starter V-252-1 10450 B. Pullet Grower & Developer V-253-1 10550 B. 18% Layer Breeder Pellets V-254-1 10750 B. 20% Gold Std. Laying Crum V-255-1 10950 B. 17% Complete Laying Crums V-256-1 11050 B. 16% Prosperity Layer Crums V-257-1 11100 B. 40% Poultry Concentrate V-258-1 11150 B. 40% Poultry Concentrate V-259-1 11250 B. 28% Turkey Starter Crums V-260-1 11350 20% Gig "4" Pellets V-261-1 11450 B. 16% Prosperity Layer Pellets V-262-1 11550 18% Game Bird Breeder Pellets V-263-1 11650 B. 19% Ratite Grower Diet V-264-1 11750 B. 23% Ratite Breeder Diet V-265-1 12100 B. 40% Poultry Concentrate Crums V-266-1 12550 B. 32% Base Poultry Mix V-267-1 13250 B. 28% Turkey Starter V-268-1 13450 B. 20% Poultry Grower V-269-1 14325 B. Game Bird Mix - Coarse V-270-1 20150 B. 18% Pig Starter Pellets V-271-1 20250 B. 16% Pig Grower Pellets V-272-1 20450 B. 14% Porkmaker 100 Pellets V-273-1 20550 B. 40% Gro 'Em Lean V-274-1 21850 B. 27% Hi-Fat Swine Base V-275-1 23000 Mt. Hope Hevy Hog V-276-1 30050 12% Pleasure Horse - Sweet V-277-1 30150 Alfa + Performer 10 Sweet V-278-1 30250 14% Grass + Perf Sweet V-279-1 30450 12% Wrangler - Complete V-280-1 30550 B. 12% Pleasure Horse Pellets V-281-1 30650 B. 32% Gro' N Win Pellets V-282-1 30750 12% Wrangler Cubes V-283-1 30950 18% Foal Starter V-284-1 31050 B. 14% Alfa + Dev Pellets V-285-1 31150 B. Alfa + Performer 10 Pel V-286-1 31200 Grass +Performer 14 Pel V-287-1 31250 Grass +Performer 14 Pel V-288-1 31350 12% Mustang V-289-1 31450 Endurance - 101 Extruded V-290-1 31550 B. Equine Energy - UK V-291-1 31650 B. 16% Grass + Dev Pellets V-292-1 31750 16% Grass + Dev Cubes V-293-1 31850 16% Grass + Dev Sweet V-294-1 31950 B. 11% Alfa Gro 'N Win Pel V-295-1 32050 B. Sho' Win Pellets V-296-1 32250 B. Senior Formula V-297-1 32350 Oscar Horse Mix V-298-1 32450 B. Ultimate Finish V-299-1 32550 Crossfire Horse Feed V-300-1 32650 B. Equine 16% Growth V-301-1 32750 B. Reduced Energy Formula V-302-1 32850 B. Training Formula V-303-1 32950 B. Cadence Formula V-304-1 33150 B. Track 12 Horse Feed V-305-1 33350 Spears 16% GR + Dev Cubes V-306-1 33400 B. 14% Supreme Horse Pellets V-307-1 33450 B. 14% Supreme Horse Pellets V-308-1 33650 B. Race'N Win V-309-1 33750 B. 14% Prominent Horse Feed V-310-1 33850 B. Unbeetable Horse Feed V-311-1 34750 Cargill Senior Horse V-312-1 34850 Cargill Vitality Gold V-313-1 35150 Chagrin 12% Sweet Fd V-314-1 35250 Smith Pure Pleasure V-315-1 35750 Roundup 10% Horse Pellets V-316-1 35850 12% Summerglo Horse V-317-1 36255 B. Grass +Min&VitBase - Mexico V-318-1 36850 Miller's 12% Horse Feed V-319-1 37155 B. Gro'Win Base Mix - Mexico V-320-1 38000 B. 32% Premium Mixer Pellets V-321-1 38050 B. 32% Premium Mixer Pellets V-322-1 38100 36% Maintenance Mixer Pellets V-323-1 38150 36% Maintenance Mixer Pellets V-324-1 50150 Terramycin Crumbles V-325-1 60105 16% Rabbit Pellets V-326-1 60125 16% Rabbit Pellets V-327-1 60150 B. 16% Rabbit Pellets V-328-1 60205 18% Rabbit Developer V-329-1 60250 B. 18% Rabbit Developer V-330-1 60450 B. 16% Rabbit Maintenance V-331-1 90150 B. Buckeye Scratch V-332-1 90225 Gold Standard Scratch V-333-1 90250 Gold Standard Scratch V-334-1 90350 Intermediate Scratch V-335-1 90450 B. Chick Grains V-336-1 90525 B. Shelled Corn V-337-1 90550 B. Shelled Corn V-338-1 90650 B. Cracked Corn V-339-1 90825 B. Fine Cracked Corn V-340-1 90850 B. Fine Cracked Corn V-341-1 91000 Steam Flaked Corn V-342-1 91050 Steam Flaked Corn V-343-1 91750 Oats - HP Crimped V-344-1 91850 B. HP Sweet Crimped Oats V-345-1 95550 Land O' Lakes Shelled Corn V-346-1 95650 Land O' Cracked Corn V-347-1 95850 Land O' Lakes Chick Crack V-348-1 100850 B. Alfalfa Pellets V-349-1 101850 Cooked Full Fat Soybean V-350-1 122200 Magnatone M-4-B Pels Bulk MANUFACTURER: Buckeye Feed Mills, Dalton, Ohio.

RECALLED BY: Manufacturer visited local customers on April 17, 2001. On April 18 and 19, 2001, manufacturer mailed and faxed recall notices. Firm initiated recall is ongoing.

DISTRIBUTION: Al, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, IA, KY, ME, MD, MA, MO, MN, MS, NH, NJ, NY, NC, OH, OR, PA, RI, TN, VA, WV, and WI.

QUANTITY: 2,790 tons of ruminant feed products and 14,000 tons of non-ruminant feed products.

REASON: The animal feed products may contain protein derived from mammalian tissues.

snip...

END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR June 6, 2001.

http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ENFORCE/2001/ENF00696.html



see tons and tons of banned mad cow feed in commerce;

http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2009/03/millions-and-millions-of-pounds-of-mad.html



http://madcowspontaneousnot.blogspot.com/



Monday, March 1, 2010

ANIMAL PROTEIN I.E. MAD COW FEED IN COMMERCE A REVIEW 2010

http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2010/03/animal-protien-ie-mad-cow-feed-in.html



Monday, April 5, 2010

Update on Feed Enforcement Activities to Limit the Spread of BSE April 5, 2010

http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2010/04/update-on-feed-enforcement-activities.html




Saturday, March 5, 2011

MAD COW ATYPICAL CJD PRION TSE CASES WITH CLASSIFICATIONS PENDING ON THE RISE IN NORTH AMERICA

http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/mad-cow-atypical-cjd-prion-tse-cases.html






Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518