AD.22: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease and
scrapie (TSE surveillance) programs in Alberta, Canada
Hernan Ortegon,1 Eva Chow,1 Christa Coetser,3 Gerald Hauer,1 Margo Pybus2
and Ana M. Ulmer-Franco1
1Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development; Edmonton, AS Canada; 2Alberta
Environment and Sustainable Resource Development; Edmonton, AB Canada; 3Canadian
Food Inspection Agency; Calgary, AB Canada
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, Chronic Wasting Disease
(CWD) in cervids, and scrapie in sheep and goats are reportable diseases under
both the provincial Animal Health Act (Alberta) and the federal Health of
Animals Act (Canada). Alberta Agriculture and Rural Developmemt (ARD), in
collaboration with Environment and Sustainable Resource Development, the
Canadian Food Inspection Agency and the livestock industry, have performed over
the past 8 y enhanced surveillance for these diseases. An overview of the
history, characteristics, development and evolution of these programs will be
presented.
An integrated approach between both levels of government and provincial
specialists led to the delivery of three high-quality surveillance programs in
Alberta (AB): The Canada and Alberta BSE Surveillance Program (CABSESP) was
initiated on July 1, 2004 to meet international requirements on BSE
surveillance, to determine the prevalence of BSE and the influence of several
mitigation strategies. These actions increased consumer confidence and market
access for Canadian cattle and meat products. Today, Canada exports beef to more
than 50 countries. The CABSESP has tested approximately 145,000 animals for BSE
since 2003. Out of the 18 BSE Canadian cases, 13 were detected by the CABSESP in
AB.
The mandatory CWD surveillance program (MCWDSP) for farmed cervids was
established in AB in 2002. Under this program cervid producers are required to
submit samples from all farmed cervids one year of age and older dying on farm,
culled or slaughtered. The MCWDSP has opened international markets in the US,
Europe, Middle East and Eastern Asia to AB farmed cervids by providing
confidence to consumers on the herd's freedom from CWD. To date, only three
cases of CWD in farmed cervids were detected in AB, all in 2002, which was
followed by full eradication of those herds. In addition, the TSE laboratory of
ARD has tested over 50,000 samples from wild cervids finding 155 cases to date
in 137 mule deer, 17 white-tailed deer, and one moose.
Scrapie surveillance in sheep and goats has been accomplished by three
programs: the AB Abattoir surveillance, which targets abattoir populations; the
AB on-farm scrapie program, which targets non-registered on-farms deaths; and
the National voluntary scrapie flock certification program, which targets
certified flocks. TSE surveillance in AB responded to multiple challenges
resulting from evolving markets, national and international animal health
requirements and new scientific discoveries, evolving and adapting to new
conditions thanks to the joint effort of all parties involved.
The disease was confirmed only in elk in the Republic of Korea in 2001,
2004 and 2005. Epidemiological investigations showed that CWD was introduced via
importation of infected elk from Canada between 1994 and 1997.
Friday, May 13, 2011
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) outbreaks and surveillance program in the
Republic of Korea Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) outbreaks and surveillance
program in the Republic of Korea
On 28 December 2000, information from the Canadian government showed that a
total of 95 elk had been exported from farms with CWD to Korea. These consisted
of 23 elk in 1994 originating from the so-called “source farm” in Canada, and 72
elk in 1997, which had been held in pre export quarantine at the “source
farm”.Based on export information of CWD suspected elk from Canada to Korea, CWD
surveillance program was initiated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
(MAF) in 2001. All elks imported in 1997 were traced back, however elks imported
in 1994 were impossible to identify. CWD control measures included stamping out
of all animals in the affected farm, and thorough cleaning and disinfection of
the premises.
In addition, nationwide clinical surveillance of Korean native cervids, and
improved measures to ensure reporting of CWD suspect cases were implemented.
Total of 9 elks were found to be affected. CWD was designated as a notifiable
disease under the Act for Prevention of Livestock Epidemics in 2002.
Additional CWD cases - 12 elks and 2 elks - were diagnosed in 2004 and
2005.
Since February of 2005, when slaughtered elks were found to be positive,
all slaughtered cervid for human consumption at abattoirs were designated as
target of the CWD surveillance program.
Currently, CWD laboratory testing is only conducted by National Reference
Laboratory on CWD, which is the Foreign Animal Disease Division (FADD) of
National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS).
In July 2010, one out of 3 elks from Farm 1 which were slaughtered for the
human consumption was confirmed as positive.
Consequently, all cervid – 54 elks, 41 Sika deer and 5 Albino deer – were
culled and one elk was found to be positive.
Epidemiological investigations were conducted by Veterinary Epidemiology
Division (VED) of NVRQS in collaboration with provincial veterinary services.
Epidemiologically related farms were found as 3 farms and all cervid at
these farms were culled and subjected to CWD diagnosis.
Three elks and 5 crossbreeds (Red deer and Sika deer) were confirmed as
positive at farm 2. All cervids at Farm 3 and Farm 4 – 15 elks and 47 elks –
were culled and confirmed as negative.
Further epidemiological investigations showed that these CWD outbreaks were
linked to the importation of elks from Canada in 1994 based on circumstantial
evidences.
In December 2010, one elk was confirmed as positive at Farm 5.
Consequently, all cervid – 3 elks, 11 Manchurian Sika deer and 20 Sika deer –
were culled and one Manchurian Sika deer and seven Sika deer were found to be
positive.
This is the first report of CWD in these sub-species of deer.
Epidemiological investigations found that the owner of the Farm 2 in CWD
outbreaks in July 2010 had co-owned the Farm 5. In addition, it was newly
revealed that one positive elk was introduced from Farm 6 of Jinju-si Gyeongsang
Namdo. All cervid – 19 elks, 15 crossbreed (species unknown) and 64 Sika deer –
of Farm 6 were culled, but all confirmed as negative.
: Corresponding author: Dr. Hyun-Joo Sohn (+82-31-467-1867, E-mail:
shonhj@korea.kr)
2011 Pre-congress Workshop: TSEs in animals and their environment 5
Additional Cases of Chronic Wasting Disease in Imported Deer in Korea
*Tae-Yung KIM1) 3), *Hyun-Joo SHON2), *Yi-Seok JOO2), *Un-Kyong MUN2),
*Kyung-Sun KANG3), *Yong-Soon LEE3)
1) Animal Health Division, Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry 2)
National Veterinary Research & Quarantine Service 3) Department of
Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National
University
Released 2005/09/05 received 2005/01/21 accepted 2005/05/27 Keywords:
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), horizontal transmission
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), which had previously occurred only in the
U.S.A. and Canada, broke out in a farm at Chungbuk, Korea from imported Canadian
deer (Aug. 8, 2001). CWD distribution, through surveillance and epidemiologic
investigations, was reported for 93 deer (43 from the CWD originating farm and
50 imported with the CWD originating farm's deer) out of 144 deer (72 from the
CWD originating farm and 72 imported with the CWD originating farm's deer) that
were breeding at 30 different farms. On Oct. 4 and Oct. 8, 2001, additional
cases of CWD were investigated. As a result of slaughtering cohabitating deer,
it was verified that other imported deer from Canada were also infected with
CWD. Since it was thought that this might cause horizontal transmission, 93 deer
imported from Canada in 1997 and 130 cohabitating Korean deer were slaughtered
and examined. There were no infected Korean deer, but CWD re-occurred on Nov.
20, 2004 and is still under investigation.
Wednesday, August 11, 2010
REPORT ON THE INVESTIGATION OF THE SIXTEENTH CASE OF BOVINE SPONGIFORM
ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) IN CANADA
Thursday, August 19, 2010
REPORT ON THE INVESTIGATION OF THE SEVENTEENTH CASE OF BOVINE SPONGIFORM
ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) IN CANADA
Friday, March 4, 2011
Alberta dairy cow found with mad cow disease
Tuesday, May 21, 2013
*** Canada, USA, Bad feed, mad cows: Why we know three BSE cases had a
common origin and why the SSS policy is in full force $$$
CFIA, USDA, AND OIE SHOOT, SHOVEL, AND SHUT THE HELL UP SSS BSE TSE PRION
MAD COW TYPE POLICY $$$, and the media is buying it hook, line, and sinker $$$
EDMONTON - Some of former Alberta premier Ralph Klein's most colourful
quotes — and the reactions they elicited:
SNIP...
"This all came about through the discovery of a single, isolated case of
mad cow disease in one Alberta cow on May 20th.
The farmer — I think he was a Louisiana fish farmer who knew nothing about
cattle ranching.
*** I guess any self-respecting rancher would have shot, shovelled and shut
up, but he didn't do that." — Klein recalls how the mad cow crisis started and
rancher Marwyn Peaster's role.
The premier was speaking at the Western Governors Association meeting in
Big Sky, Mont. September 2004.
Wednesday, December 22, 2010.
Manitoba veterinarian has been fined $10,000 for falsifying certification
documents for U.S. bound cattle and what about mad cow disease?
CENSORSHIP IS A TERRIBLE THING $$$.
Canada has had a COVER-UP policy of mad cow disease since about the 17th
case OR 18th case of mad cow disease. AFTER THAT, all FOIA request were ignored
$$$.
THIS proves there is indeed an epidemic of mad cow disease in North
America, and it has been covered up for years and years, if not for decades, and
it’s getting worse $$$.
Thursday, February 10, 2011.
TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY REPORT UPDATE CANADA FEBRUARY 2011
and how to hide mad cow disease in Canada Current as of: 2011-01-31.
Thursday, January 17, 2013.
Canada, U.S. agree on animal-disease measures to protect trade, while
reducing human and animal health protection.
Reasons for the New Regulation Order No. 23 (as well as amending Order No.
149) of the State Committee for Veterinary Medicine name BSE as the reason for
new import requirement. The legal title for Order No. 23 is "On Urgent Measures
Aimed at Prevention and Elimination of BSE and Other Prion Infections in
Cattle”. Neither Order explains how the threat of introduction of BSE can be
addressed through the inspection of producers of all products of animal origin
including fish, dairy products, poultry and pork. It is not clear what other
concerns are addressed through the proposed inspections. Formal Notification of
Trading Partners On August 3rd, Ukraine's Notification and Enquiry Point issued
a legal Notification G/SPS/N/UKR/3/Rev.1 found on the Official WTO Website
(Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures)
Increased Atypical Scrapie Detections.
Press reports indicate that increased surveillance is catching what
otherwise would have been unreported findings of atypical scrapie in sheep. In
2009, five new cases have been reported in Quebec, Ontario, Alberta, and
Saskatchewan. With the exception of Quebec, all cases have been diagnosed as
being the atypical form found in older animals. Canada encourages producers to
join its voluntary surveillance program in order to gain scrapie-free status.
The World Animal Health will not classify Canada as scrapie-free until no new
cases are reported for seven years. The Canadian Sheep Federation is calling on
the government to fund a wider surveillance program in order to establish the
level of prevalence prior to setting an eradication date. Besides long-term
testing, industry is calling for a compensation program for farmers who report
unusual deaths in their flocks.
Thursday, February 23, 2012
Atypical Scrapie NOR-98 confirmed Alberta Canada sheep January 2012
Wednesday, April 4, 2012
20120402 - Breach of quarantine/Violation de la mise en quarantaine of an
ongoing Scrapie investigation
Sunday, September 1, 2013
Evaluation of the Zoonotic Potential of Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy
We previously described the biochemical similarities between PrPres derived
from L-BSE infected macaque and cortical MM2 sporadic CJD: those observations
suggest a link between these two uncommon prion phenotypes in a primate model
(it is to note that such a link has not been observed in other models less
relevant from the human situation as hamsters or transgenic mice overexpressing
ovine PrP [28]). We speculate that a group of related animal prion strains
(L-BSE, c-BSE and TME) would have a zoonotic potential and lead to prion
diseases in humans with a type 2 PrPres molecular signature (and more
specifically type 2B for vCJD)
snip...
Together with previous experiments performed in ovinized and bovinized
transgenic mice and hamsters [8,9] indicating similarities between TME and
L-BSE, the data support the hypothesis that L-BSE could be the origin of the TME
outbreaks in North America and Europe during the mid-1900s.
Monday, September 02, 2013
Atypical BSE: role of the E211K prion polymorphism
Research Project: TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF
TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES
Location: Virus and Prion Research Unit
Sunday, July 21, 2013
Welsh Government and Food Standards Agency Wales Joint Public Consultation
on the Proposed Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (Wales) Regulations
2013 Singeltary Submission WG18417
Tuesday, July 2, 2013
APHIS USDA Administrator Message to Stakeholders: Agency Vision and Goals
Eliminating ALL remaining BSE barriers to export market
Tuesday, May 21, 2013
Canada, USA, Bad feed, mad cows: Why we know three BSE cases had a common
origin and why the SSS policy is in full force $$$
Greetings,
CJD surveillance in the Canada and the USA has been in place well long
enough, for this same excuse (improved P/T reporting) year after year of
reporting increases to be a valid excuse anymore, in my opinion.
I don’t buy this same old song and dance anymore.
it’s the same recording we hear year after year, decade after decade,
happenstance of bad luck, increase is due to better surveillance, yada, yada,
yada $$$
North America is awash in animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy
TSE prion disease in many, many species. All of which are consumed/exposed in
many different ways, by humans and animals.
This excuse ‘’improved P/T reporting’’ is old, and it is what it is, an
excuse, to protect the industries that are involved. nothing has changed in
almost 3 decades, except the people. it’s the same old BSe.
I will report on disturbing iatrogenic risk factors, cjd in the UK, and
more data on the TSE prion disease in different species, and more from prion2013
as I can get it put together.
I want to thank Prion2013, and all the scientist and doctors and such that
are working so hard to solve the many riddles of the TSE prion disease. ...TSS
Sunday, August 11, 2013
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease CJD cases rising North America updated report
August 2013
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease CJD cases rising North America with Canada seeing
an extreme increase of 48% between 2008 and 2010
Saturday, June 15, 2013
Canada Fraser Health Statement on Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease outbreak
Tuesday, May 28, 2013
Late-in-life surgery associated with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a
methodological outline for evidence-based guidance
Friday, August 16, 2013
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) biannual update August 2013 U.K. and
Contaminated blood products induce a highly atypical prion disease devoid of
PrPres in primates
TSS
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