Thursday, December 7, 2023

Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Cervid Update By State December 2023 (Short Version)

Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Cervid Update By State December 2023 (Short Version)

*** Alabama CWD TSE Prion 2023

(2020, Alabama, to date, has detected NO cases of CWD TSE Prion...tss)

*** Alabama CWD TSE Prion 2023 TO DATE 5 CASES CONFIRMED

Alabama Two Additional Cases of CWD Confirmed in Northern Lauderdale County

Press release December 15, 2023 Contact: Marianne Gauldin, (334) 242-3469

Alabama Two Additional Cases of CWD Confirmed in Northern Lauderdale County

Two Additional Cases of CWD Confirmed in Northern Lauderdale County The Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (ADCNR) announces that two additional cases of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in hunter harvested, white-tailed deer have been confirmed in northern Lauderdale County in northwest Alabama. The two additional deer bring Alabama’s total number of confirmed CWD cases to five.

CWD in Alabama’s deer herd was first detected in Lauderdale County in January 2022. After the first case was confirmed, all of Lauderdale and Colbert counties were designated as a CWD Management Zone (CMZ).

So far during the 2023-2024 hunting season, samples have been collected from more than 1,700 white-tailed deer harvested statewide with 420 of those samples collected within the CMZ. One of the positive samples was submitted during the second CMZ mandatory sampling weekend (December 2-3). The other positive sample was voluntarily submitted at a drop-off sampling location by a hunter as part of ADCNR's ongoing CWD monitoring efforts. The next mandatory sampling weekend in the buffer zone of the CMZ is January 6-7, 2024.

“I would like to thank hunters for their continued support by providing a robust number of samples for CWD testing since the disease was first detected in Alabama,” said Chris Blankenship, ADCNR Commissioner. “Hunters are our most important partners in the management of CWD as we move forward with future deer seasons. We also thank the Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries for their continued partnership with statewide CWD monitoring. Their assistance by testing the samples allows us to better serve our constituents by providing them with timely information on the distribution and extent of CWD in Alabama.”

CWD is a member of the group of diseases called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Among cervids, CWD is a progressive, fatal disease that commonly results in altered behavior due to microscopic changes of the brain of affected animals. An animal may carry the disease for years without outward indication. In latter stages of the disease, signs may include listlessness, lowering of the head, weight loss, repetitive walking in set patterns and a lack of responsiveness.

It is important that hunters be familiar with Alabama’s CWD regulation and the CWD regulations in other states. To review Alabama’s regulation and the latest information about CWD in the state, visit www.outdooralabama.com/cwd-info.

ADCNR promotes wise stewardship, management and enjoyment of Alabama’s natural resources through four divisions: Marine Resources, State Lands, State Parks, and Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries. Learn more at www.outdooralabama.com.

###

CMZ map attached (includes locations of positive cases)

CMZ zone map 12-15-23.jpg 




Posted: February 16, 2023

Third Case of CWD Confirmed in Lauderdale County 

The Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (ADCNR) announces that a third case of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in a hunter harvested, white-tailed deer has been confirmed in Lauderdale County in northwest, Alabama. The first two cases of CWD in Alabama’s deer herd were detected in Lauderdale County in early 2022.

Samples were collected from more than 3,500 white-tailed deer harvested statewide with over 1,100 of those samples collected within the CMZ during the 2022-2023 hunting season. More than 98% of all samples collected within the CMZ have been tested by the Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries and the results have been received by ADCNR. Currently, only one positive has been detected this season. The positive sample was voluntarily submitted by a hunter as part of ADCNR's ongoing CWD monitoring efforts.





FRIDAY, JANUARY 18, 2019 

Alabama WFF Ramps Up Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Sampling Effort


THURSDAY, JULY 20, 2017 

Alabama Atypical BSE CJD CWD TSE Prion Update


TUESDAY, MARCH 29, 2016 

ALABAMA CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION SURVEILLANCE AND TESTING PROGRAM?


THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 01, 2012 

ALABAMA BIG BUCK PROJECT, A CWD TSE PRION ACCIDENT WAITING TO HAPPEN ALABAMA BIG BUCK PROJECT, A CWD ACCIDENT WAITING TO HAPPEN


ALABAMA MAD COW FEED IN COMMERCE

e) "Big Jim's" BBB Deer Ration, Big Buck Blend, Recall # V-104-6;

Product manufactured from 02/01/2005 until 06/06/2006

RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Alabama Farmers Cooperative, Inc., Decatur, AL, by telephone, fax, email and visit on June 9, 2006. FDA initiated recall is complete.

REASON Animal and fish feeds which were possibly contaminated with ruminant based protein not labeled as 

"Do not feed to ruminants".

VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 125 tons

DISTRIBUTION AL and FL

END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR AUGUST 2, 2006


CWD TRANSMITS BY ORAL ROUTES TO MACAQUES, CATTLE, SHEEP, PIGS, AND CERVID...BSE Feed Regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) mad cow feed ban does not stop all that! 

CWD transmits to cervid by oral routes with as little as 300NG! 

PLoS One. 2020; 15(8): e0237410.

Published online 2020 Aug 20. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237410

PMCID: PMC7446902

PMID: 32817706

Very low oral exposure to prions of brain or saliva origin can transmit chronic wasting disease

We orally inoculated white-tailed deer with either single or multiple divided doses of prions of brain or saliva origin and monitored infection by serial longitudinal tissue biopsies spanning over two years. We report that oral exposure to as little as 300 nanograms (ng) of CWD-positive brain or to saliva containing seeding activity equivalent to 300 ng of CWD-positive brain, were sufficient to transmit CWD disease. 

snip...

These studies suggest that the CWD minimum infectious dose approximates 100 to 300 ng CWD-positive brain (or saliva equivalent), and that CWD infection appears to conform more with a threshold than a cumulative dose dynamic.


END...TSS

*** Alaska CWD TSE Prion 2023

***> 2023 Alaska, to date, still has detected NO cases of CWD TSE Prion?

''However, Alaska currently maintains a general targeted disease surveillance program that will test for CWD in clinical, suspect cases in moose, caribou, deer or elk.''


*** Arizona CWD TSE Prion

***> 2023 Arizona CWD TSE Prion, to date, still has detected NO cases of CWD TSE Prion, and again, if you test to find, you will not find, until CWD finds you, by then it's much too late...terry


*** Arkansas CWD TSE Prion 2023 

(2020, Arkansas, To date, 891 deer and 30 elk have tested positive for the disease in Arkansas...terry) 

***> Arkansas CWD TSE Prion 2023, Arkansas Total CWD confirmed to date is 1,563 by Fiscal Years Tally.



*** California CWD TSE Prion

***> 2023 California CWD TSE Prion, to date, has detected NO cases of CWD TSE Prion, you don't test enough, you don't find cwd, by then, it's much too late...tss


*** Colorado CWD TSE PRION

***> 2023 Colorado CWD TSE Prion, ''We have detected CWD in 40 of our 54 deer herds, 17 of 42 elk herds, and 2 of 9 moose herds.''
*** Connecticut CWD TSE PRION

***2023 Connecticut CWD TSE Prion

Connecticut to date, has detected NO cases of CWD TSE Prion, if you don't test enough for cwd, you will not find cwd, until cwd finds you, by then, it's much too late...tss



CWD has been documented in 25 states and 4 Canadian provinces; the disease has not been found in Connecticut or New England. 


*** Delaware CWD TSE PRION

***> 2023 Delaware CWD TSE Prion, to date, has detected NO cases of CWD TSE Prion? you don't testin enough, you don't find cwd, until cwd finds you, by then, it's much too late...tss


*** Florida CWD TSE Prion

(2020-Florida CWD Not Detected.)

***> 2023 Florida CWD TSE Prion 1 case confirmed 2023.

Florida floundered with CWD testing for years, CWD finally found Florida...tss

*** Georgia CWD TSE Prion

***> Georgia CWD TSE Prion, to date, has detected NO cases of CWD TSE Prion, if you don't test for cwd, you will not find cwd, until cwd finds you, by then, it's much too late...tss



*** Hawaii CWD TSE Prion ???

(2020-Hawaii nothing about cwd tse prion, no cwd tse prion response plan, no cwd tse prion testing history, nothing i could find, i did find this)

***> 2023, Hawaii CWD TSE Prion, still has no CWD surveillance program, or, no recent data on CWD. really sad. 

2020, Hawaii nothing about cwd tse prion, no cwd tse prion response plan, no cwd tse prion testing history, nothing i could find, i did find this;


*** Idaho CWD TSE Prion 

(2020 Chronic Wasting Disease Status in Idaho, not detected?)


*** Illinois CWD TSE Prion

(2020 - Illinois, to date, has detected 1002 cases of CWD TSE Prion...tss)

***> Illinois CWD TSE Prion 2023, Total positives to date through 30 June 2023: 1,752 cases.

Total samples through 30 June 2023: 162,099

Total positives through 30 June 2023: 1,752



*** Indiana CWD TSE Prion

***> Indiana CWD TSE Prion, to date, has detected no cases of CWD TSE Prion, Indiana is no different, if you don't cwd test in enough numbers to find, you will not find cwd, cwd will find you, by then, it's much too late...tss 


*** Iowa CWD TSE Prion

(2020-Iowa, to date, has detected 89 cases of CWD TSE Prion...tss)

***> 2023 Iowa CWD TSE Prion, Total Confirmed CWD-Positive Wild Deer in Iowa 264 Cases.



***Kansas CWD TSE Prion

(2020-Kansas, As of 30 June 2020, CWD has been detected in 363 cervids - two captive elk and 361 wild, free-ranging deer in Deer Management Units 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 15, 16, 17, 18. These include 82 mule deer, 274 white-tailed deer, 2 captive elk, and 5 unknown deer species...terry) 

***> Kansas CWD TSE Prion 2023, As of 30 June 2023, CWD has been detected in 974 cervids, including 2 captive elk, 1 captive mule deer, and 971 wild, free-ranging deer. 


Kansas 2023-2024 CWD Testing Results 28 Confirmed To Date;


As of 30 June 2023, CWD has been detected in 974 cervids, including 2 captive elk, 1 captive mule deer, and 971 wild, free-ranging deer. All Surveillance Zones in Kansas now have CWD detections. CWD surveillance began in 1996 and, to date, 35,534 cervids have been sampled and tested for CWD. Hunters and other wildlife enthusiasts can avoid the human-assisted spread of CWD by not transporting a live or dead deer or elk from areas where CWD occurs.



***Kentucky CWD TSE Prion

(2020-Kentucky, to date, CWD has not been found in the State of Kentucky...as with the other cwd free states, if you don't test in enough numbers to find, you will not find, cwd will find you, by then it's much too late...tss)

***> 2023 Kentucky CWD TSE Prion December 7, 2023, Kentucky CWD Detected For First Time!


''The always-fatal neurological disease that affects deer, elk, moose and caribou has not been detected in Kentucky.''





***Louisiana CWD TSE Prion

(2020-Louisiana, to date, CWD has not been found in the State of Louisiana...tss)

***> 2023 Louisiana CWD TSE Prion CONFIRMED TO DATE 12 CASES

***Maine CWD TSE Prion

***> 2023 Maine CWD TSE Prion, to date, CWD has not been detected? if you don't test enough, you don't find cwd, until cwd finds you, by then, it's much too late...tss



*** Maryland CWD TSE Prion

(2020-Maryland, to date, 80 confirmed cases to date from CWD TSE Prion...tss)

***> 2023 Maryland CWD TSE Prion, To date, 171 infected deer have been documented in the state.

Status of CWD in Maryland​ The Department of Natural Resources has tested 13,314 deer through random CWD surveillance since 2002. Sick deer displaying neurological symptoms were tested for CWD from 1999-2001​. The disease was detected for the first time in Maryland from a deer taken by a hunter in November 2010, in Allegany County. To date, 171 infected deer have been documented in the state.


*** Massachusetts CWD TSE Prion

***> 2023 Massachusetts CWD TSE Prion, to date, no cases of CWD TSE Prion has been detected, and if you don't cwd test in sufficient numbers, you will not find cwd, it's cwd finds you, then it's too late...tss



***Michigan CWD TSE Prion

(2020-Michigan CWD Chronic Wasting Disease Cervid Total 46...tss)

***> 2023 Michigan CWD TSE Prion, Total of confirmed CWD positive deer from 2015 to present, is 251 cases.




*** Minnesota CWD TSE Prion

(2020-Minnesota, to date, CWD has 95 wild deer have tested positive...tss)

*** Minnesota CWD TSE Prion

(2020-Minnesota, to date, CWD has 95 wild deer have tested positive...tss)

***> 2023 Minnesota CWD TSE Prion, Statewide CWD-Positive Wild Deer (2010-Present) 252








Captive CWD Positives (no information on trace-out CWD positives from any of these)...terry

8/3/2022 4 YR Male MN Winona WTD Breeder Yes No 125 Depopulated

5/10/2021 3 Y Female MN Beltrami WTD Breeder No No 61 Depopulated

10/14/2020 2.5 Y Female MN Houston WTD Breeder Yes yes 49 Quarantine

1/2020 3 Y Female MN Pine WTD Breeder Yes No 8 Depopulated

12/2019 8 Y Female MN Douglas WTD Breeder/Hob by Yes No 2 Depopulated

11/2017 3Y Male MN Winona WTD Breeder Yes No 7 Depopulated

1/2017 2.5Y Female MN Meeker WTD Breeder Yes Yes 14 Depopulated

12/2016 2-2Y Females MN Crow Wing WTD & Mule deer Breeder/Sho oter Yes Yes 140 Depopulated




***Mississippi CWD TSE Prion

(Mississippi, to date, As of August 2020, Mississippi has detected 56 CWD-positive deer...tss)

***> 2023 Mississippi CWD TSE Prion Total Positive To Date 224 Confirmed Cases.





***Missouri CWD TSE Prion

(2020-Missouri CWD has been detected in 162 cervid...tss)

***> 2023 Missouri CWD TSE Prion, to Date, 410 Cases.

***Montana CWD TSE Prion

(2020 Montana, to date, CWD has been detected in 275 cervid...tss)

***> 2023 Montana CWD TSE Prion, To Date, 1,209 CASES.


2023-July 2023 to date 139 CWD CASES CONFIRMED


***Nebraska CWD TSE Prion

(2020-Nebraska, to date, 815 deer and 14 elk have been detected with CWD...tss)

***> 2023 Nebraska CWD TSE Prion

Nebraska CWD central and north-central November firearm deer season detected 31 positive cases in deer

Surveillance detects 31 positive CWD cases

BY JERRY KANE ON DEC 19, 2023

CONSERVATION NEWS, WILDLIFE NEWS

Chronic wasting disease surveillance conducted in central and north-central Nebraska during the November firearm deer season detected 31 positive cases in deer.

603 samples were collected from harvested deer at check stations in the Sandhills, Keya Paha, Calamus East, Calamus West and Loup West Deer Management Units. CWD was detected for the first time in Rock, Blaine and Thomas counties.

CWD surveillance in Nebraska takes place in five to seven units each year, rotating to a different part of the state each year. To view the 2023 CWD results, identified by the deer seal number, visit OutdoorNebraska.gov; search for “CWD.”

Currently, there is no strong evidence CWD poses a risk for humans; however, public health officials recommend that human exposure to the CWD infectious agent be avoided as they continue to evaluate any potential health risk. People should remain cautious in how they handle, process and consume deer. Hunters and commercial processors should avoid butchering or processing of deer that spreads spinal cord or brain tissue to meat or to the environment.

CWD is a prion disease that attacks the brain of infected deer, elk and moose. Animals in the late stages of CWD often are emaciated, show erratic behavior and exhibit neurological irregularities. However, due to the slow advancement of the disease, infected deer may not show symptoms. CWD always is fatal to the infected animal.

Hunters can help prevent the spread of CWD by using proper carcass disposal methods. CWD prions, the infectious proteins that transmit the disease, can remain viable for months or even years in the soil. Hunters should field dress animals at the place of kill, avoid spreading spinal cord or brain tissue to meat, and to dispose of the head (brain), spinal column and other bones at a licensed landfill.

CWD was first discovered in Colorado in 1967 and in Nebraska in 2000 in Kimball County. Since 1997, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission has tested more than 57,000 deer and more than 400 elk, with 1,269 deer and 19 elk testing positive for CWD to date. At this time, CWD has been detected in free-ranging deer and elk in 57 counties. No population declines have been attributed to the disease.

More in-depth information on CWD can be found at cwd-info.org or cdc.gov.


To Date, Since 1997, the Nebraska Game & Parks Commission (NGPC) has tested over 57,000 deer and over 400 elk, with 1,238 deer and 19 elk testing positive for CWD to date. At this time, CWD has been detected in free-ranging deer and elk in 54 counties. 




2023-Nebraska Game & Parks Commission (NGPC) has tested over 57,000 deer and over 400 elk, with 1,238 deer and 19 elk testing positive for CWD to date. At this time, CWD has been detected in free-ranging deer and elk in 54 counties. In 2022, NGPC had 1065 deer samples and 83 elk samples tested. Of those, 274 deer and 1 elk were positive for CWD. At this time, no population declines have been attributed to the disease. 


***Nevada CWD TSE Prion

***> Nevada CWD TSE Prion, to date, has not detected CWD TSE Prion, and if you don't test in enough numbers to find cwd, cwd will find you, and by then it's much too late...tss



***New England CWD TSE Prion

***> 2023, New England CWD TSE Prion, Since sampling efforts began in 2003, no cases of CWD have been detected in Connecticut or New England.

IF you don't look enough, you don't find, CWD will find you, by then, it's too late...terry


***New Hampshire CWD TSE PRION

***> 2023 New Hampshire CWD TSE Prion, To Date, CWD is not known to be present in New Hampshire.

if you don't CWD test, you will not find, until cwd finds you, by then it's much too late...terry




***New Jersey CWD TSE Prion

***> 2023 New Jersey CWD TSE Prion, to date, Surveys of New Jersey deer harvested in several deer seasons have found no evidence of the disease.

you don't CWD test enough, you don't find, CWD will find you...tss

Update on Chronic Wasting Disease in New Hampshire Date: 05/03/2023 











***New Mexico CWD TSE Prion

(2020, New Mexico, to date, has detected 58 cases of CWD, and imo that figure might be low, considering...tss)

***> 2023 New Mexico CWD Positives, To Date, the cumulative number of positive CWD tests is 26, and of those, 4 were harvested elk.
I'm still not feeling good about CWD surveillance and reporting of both Wild and Captive Cervid in New Mexico. The CWD data on surveillance cwd totals to date both wild and captive are hard to find, the page is outdated, only showing results for 2002-2016. what is so hard about posting the total CWD positive captive deer and the total CWD positive wild deer, by year, since discovery?...terry


as you can see here, CWD Stats NM woefully outdated, 2002 to 2016;








SUNDAY, AUGUST 15, 2021

New Mexico CWD TEST RESULTS: 1/19/2021 update

NM18-290 28 3418801 Detected

NM18-293 28 3446090 Detected

NM475 29 3460171 Detected

NM518 28 3464748 Detected

NM515 28 3500214 Detected

NM778 34 3510401 Detected



2002 to 2016 Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE PrP Confirmed in 58 Cases in New Mexico...


***New York CWD TSE Prion

***> 2023 New York State CWD TSE Prion, To Date, More than 49,000 wild white-tailed deer have been tested statewide since 2002 with no new cases of the disease being discovered in New York State since 2005. 


New York CWD 2023-CWD is not currently known to be in New York???

makes me wonder about New York State CWD statistics and surveillance as a whole now, and if you don't test enough, you will not find...terry

2005-New York, to date, CWD TSE Prion has been detected in 5 captive cervid and 2 wild cervid...tss

NEW YORK STATE Chronic Wasting Disease

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal disease found in deer, elk, and moose that poses a serious threat to wild populations. Consequently, it has the potential to impact all the benefits associated with deer and moose in New York: enjoyment of watching healthy animals; hunting traditions and sustainable use of venison; and economic benefits derived from big game hunting. CWD is not currently known to be in New York.






DEC began CWD monitoring efforts in 2002, but intensified the effort in 2005 after CWD was confirmed in both captive and wild deer in Oneida County – the first incidents of the disease in New York State. Since that time, DEC has tested over 40,000 deer statewide with no additional cases being discovered, until now. 

New York State Interagency

Chronic Wasting Disease

Response Plan 2015-2025



***North Carolina CWD TSE Prion

(2020-North Carolina, to date, At the time of this printing, CWD has NOT been confirmed in North Carolina)

***> 2023 North Carolina CWD TSE Prion, To Date, 12 Cases.


***North Dakota CWD TSE Prion

(2020-North Dakota, to date, CWD has been detected in 26 cervid (personal communication Dr. Charlie Bahnson, wildlife veterinarian for the North Dakota Game and Fish Department...November 23, 2020).

***> 2023 North Dakota CWD TSE Prion TOTAL TO DATE, i had to write to find out;
Your number was correct. CWD had been confirmed in 94 deer through 2022. Surveillance results are still pending for 2023, so look for an updated number in a month or two.

cwd prevelance, starting at about the 10 minute mark here;



***Ohio CWD TSE Prion 

2020-Ohio, to date, cwd tse prion has been detected in 24 CWD POSITIVES IN CAPTIVE CERVID ZERO IN WILD...tss

***> 2023 OHIO CWD TSE PRION OHIO CWD CONFIRMED TO DATE IS 28 CASES IN WILD CERVID...i believe that count to be woefully undercounted and confirmed, considering the Captive Cervid Count and surveillance there from, imo...terry





THURSDAY, JULY 30, 2020 

Ohio Deer Summary 2019 - 2020 CWD TSE Prion 24 Confirmed To Date All Captive Cervid 


***Oklahoma CWD TSE Prion

(2020-Oklahoma, to date, CWD has been detected in 6 cases of CWD TSE Prion documented to date in Captive Cervid...tss)

***> 2023 Oklahoma CWD TSE Prion, best i can count, total CWD Oklahoma in both Captive and Wild now, 
Total CWD to date is 8 Total to date, 2 wild and 6 Captive deer, i don't see what's so difficult showing cwd total statistics to date...terry
Oklahoma, to date, CWD has been detected in 6 cases of CWD TSE Prion documented to date in Captive Cervid...tss

1st cwd positive captive 1998, 

2nd cwd positive captive 2019, 

3 cwd positives from that herd depopulation, 

with 1 additional Trace Out CWD Trace Out Positive, 

equal to date 6 captive CWD positives in Oklahoma to date, 

and since my confirming these figures the last time via phone, i am told now i will have to fill out a FOIA request for any further reports of CWD TSE Prion in captive herds in Oklahoma. 


 
***Oregon CWD TSE Prion

***> Oregon 2023 CWD TSE Prion, Oregon, to date, CWD has not been detected in Oregon, and we all know, if you don't cwd test enough, you will not find cwd, cwd will find you, and by then, it's much too late...terry





***Pennsylvania CWD TSE Prion

(2020-Pennsylvania, to date, CWD has been detected in 481 wild cervid as of August, 8, 2020, and captive positives is anyone's guess...tss)

***> 2023 Pennsylvania CWD TSE Prion, 1,462 Total Cases To Date


PENNSYLVANIA CAPTIVE CWD POSITIVES CWD TOTAL POSITIVES TO DATE, anyone's guess...terry



as of 09/11/2023 To date, CWD has been found in more than 1,400 deer, 243 of those taken by hunters last season. It has not been detected in Pennsylvania’s elk herd.

Pennsylvania first detected CWD in 2012 at a captive deer facility in Adams County. The Game Commission has tested more than 131,000 wild, free-ranging whitetails for CWD since 1998, along with more than 1,900 elk.

NEW CWD RULES MORE CONVENIENT FOR PENNSYLVANIANS HUNTING OUT-OF-STATE

09/11/2023



MAP


***Rhode Island CWD TSE PRION

***> 2023 Rhode Island CWD TSE Prion, Rhode Island, to date, CWD has not been documented in Rhode Island, if you CWD test enough, CWD will find you, by then, it's much too late...terry





***South Carolina CWD TSE Prion

***> 2023 CWD TSE Prion, South Carolina, to date, CWD has not been detected, it you don't cwd test enough, you don't find, cwd finds you, then it's too late...terry



> South Carolina’s deer population peaked in the mid to late 1990’s at just over 1,000,000 deer. 

> Currently the statewide population is estimated at about 730,000 deer.


***South Dakota CWD TSE Prion

(2020-2020-South Dakota, to date, CWD has found 546 cases of CWD (311 deer and 235 elk) in free-ranging deer and elk since testing began in 1997.)

***> South Dakota CWD TSE Prion, As of June 30, 2023, South Dakota has found 722 cases of CWD (439 deer and 283 elk) in free-ranging deer and elk since testing began in 1997. Wind Cave National Park (WICA) accounts for 192 of these animals (177 elk, 15 deer). Thirty-five elk and 12 deer have been found in Custer State Park. A total of 33,918 wild deer and elk have been tested for CWD since 1997. 

South Dakota is reporting a total of 59 positive deer and elk (12 mule deer, 23 white-tailed deer and 24 elk) in the testing period of July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023. A total of 1,042 cervids were tested during this sampling period. As of June 30, 2023, South Dakota has found 722 cases of CWD (439 deer and 283 elk) in free-ranging deer and elk since testing began in 1997. Wind Cave National Park (WICA) accounts for 192 of these animals (177 elk, 15 deer). Thirty-five elk and 12 deer have been found in Custer State Park. A total of 33,918 wild deer and elk have been tested for CWD since 1997. 




***Tennessee CWD TSE Prion

(2020-Tennessee, to date, has detected Summary of CWD Testing Results for the 2019-2020 Deer Season = 491 positives detected...terry)

***> 2023 Tennessee CWD TSE Prion, Through 2021, tested over 60,000 samples statewide with 1,953 total positive from 16 counties

CWD Strategic Plan and Agency Actions – 2023-2027

Through 2021, tested over 60,000 samples statewide with 1,953 total positive from 16 counties


Tennessee TWRA July 2022 to June 2023 Confirms 813 CWD Positives



***Texas CWD TSE Prion

2020-Texas, to date, CWD has been detected in 185 Cases...tss

***> 2023 TEXAS CWD TSE PRION CONFIRMED TO DATE 575+ CASES AND MOUNTING!

***> 2023 DECEMBER 8, 2023, TEXAS CWD TSE PRION EXTREMELY DIRE!

Texas TPWD CWD Update

TITLE 31. NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION PART 2. TEXAS PARKS AND WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT

CHAPTER 65. WILDLIFE

SUBCHAPTER B. DISEASE DETECTION AND RESPONSE

DIVISION 2. CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE - COMPREHENSIVE RULES

31 TAC §65.95

Snip…

Since mid-July of this year, the department has received confirmation of CWD in deer breeding facilities in Brooks, Frio, Zavala, Kimble, and Cherokee counties. Current rules provide that when CWD is detected in a breeding facility or at a location where breeder deer have been released, the facility and any directly connected facilities are immediately prohibited from receiving or transferring deer and the department and Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC) staff immediately begin epidemiological investigations to determine the extent and significance of possible disease transmission.

In the case of the Brooks County breeding facility, department records indicate that the facility has within the last five years transferred 1,057 deer to 51 deer breeding facilities, five Deer Management Permit (DMP) sites, and 77 release sites located in a total of 67 counties, as well as to three destinations in Mexico.

In the case of the Frio County breeding facility, department records indicate that the facility has "certified herd" status under the TAHC herd certification program and within the last five years has transferred 627 deer to 46 deer breeding facilities, two nursing facilities, two DMP sites, and 29 release sites located in a total of 41 counties.

In the case of the Zavala County breeding facility, department records indicate that within the last five years the facility has transferred 276 deer to three deer breeding facilities, one DMP facility, and 21 release sites located in a total of 14 counties.

In the case of the Kimble County breeding facility, the facility was the source or destination for 282 deer, including deer sent to seven release sites.

In the case of the Cherokee County breeding facility, the facility received 17 deer from four breeding facilities but did not transfer deer to another breeding facility or release site.

The breeding facilities, nursing facilities, DMP facilities, and release sites that have received deer from the positive facilities are directly connected to those facilities and are of epidemiological concern. These facilities are by current rule also prohibited from receiving or transferring deer unless and until epidemiological investigation determines that Movement Qualified (MQ) status can be restored. Deer breeding facilities that received deer from one or more of the directly connected breeding facilities (referred to as "Tier 1" facilities) are indirectly connected to the positive facilities and are of epidemiological concern because they have received exposed deer that were in a trace-out breeding facility.

The recent detections of CWD in breeding facilities located in Brooks, Frio, Zavala, Kimble, and Cherokee counties are part of an ongoing outbreak of CWD in deer breeding facilities.

Since March 29, 2021, CWD has been detected in 15 counties.

In 2023 alone, CWD has been detected in 12 deer breeding facilities located in nine counties.

Prior to 2021, CWD was detected in six deer breeding facilities located in four counties.

In response to the magnitude and the potential severity of this situation, the emergency rules require the ante-mortem testing of test eligible deer prior to transfer from a breeding facility to another breeding facility.

The emergency action is necessary to protect the state's white-tailed deer populations, as well as associated industries.


TEXAS TPWD Chronic Wasting Disease Detected in Free-Range Coleman County Deer 

Chronic Wasting Disease Detected in Free-Range Coleman County Deer 

Dec. 8, 2023 Media Contact: TPWD News, Business Hours, 512-389-8030 

AUSTIN — Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) received confirmation of a case of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in Coleman County, marking the first detection in the county.

A two-year-old whitetail buck harvested by a hunter on a low-fenced property tested positive through sampling conducted voluntarily to assist with the state’s CWD surveillance.


Texas CWD cases are mounting from Captive Breeder Facilities at an exponential rate, pretty much out of control, imo...terry


June 14th of 2023 the CWD Positive tally was at 508 confirmed cases in Texas. 

TODAY, November 1st, 2023, that total increased to 575 CWD Confirmed Cases, to date, in Texas. 

AN increase of 67 CWD positive cases in 4+ months for Texas...WOW!

Chronic Wasting Disease Detected in Medina County Deer Breeding Facility

Oct. 24, 2023



SINCE THEN, the 575+ cases have increased by who knows, TPWD et al CWD Tracker page is outdated again, but i understand why, they can't keep up, here are the cases since October 2023...terry

Chronic Wasting Disease Detected at Kerr Wildlife Management Area Captive Deer Research Facility

Dec. 1, 2023

Media Contact: TPWD News, Business Hours, 512-389-8030

AUSTIN — Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) biologists have reported a suspect-positive case of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in a 14-month-old captive male white-tailed deer at the Kerr Wildlife Management Area (WMA) research facility. The detection resulted from ante-mortem testing conducted on all captive white-tailed deer as part of ongoing research. Samples from the buck were sent to the National Veterinary Service Laboratory in Iowa for confirmation.

Out of an abundance of caution, TPWD staff euthanized all deer in the research facility and collected post-mortem samples, which resulted in no additional detections. TPWD will continue monitoring for CWD throughout the research facility and the WMA.

“TPWD staff are disappointed to abruptly end nearly 50 years of white-tailed deer research that has significantly influenced deer management in Texas and across the country” said John Silovsky, Wildlife Division Director. “Staff will continue to investigate opportunities to enhance the understanding of this insidious disease in both captive environments and free-ranging populations.”

Built in 1974, the high-fenced research facility offers researchers facilities to study white-tailed deer in a controlled setting. The 23-acre facility now is double high fenced and consists of breeding and rearing enclosures, and a series of other structures that facilitate the safe handling of research animals.

The initial stock of deer in the research facility consisted of native Texas whitetails obtained from various locations throughout the state. TPWD did not routinely move deer into or out of the facility after that initial stocking.

The research herd has been maintained as a pedigreed herd investigating nutritional, age and genetic relationships in deer. Research programs in the facility have supported wild deer herd management activities, outreach programs, trainings and the development of antler regulations across the state.

The Kerr WMA has conducted CWD surveillance of its wild and captive deer herds since 2002. Surveillance efforts within the research facility totaled 242 regulatory tests since 2018. Wild deer harvested on the WMA through the public hunting program and field research since 2018 have provided an additional 259 regulatory tests with no detections.

TPWD has intensified its investigations within the facility for the presence of CWD prions since May 8, when the agency received conflicting results —from a presumptive positive RT-QuIC amplification test and not-detected regulatory tests— on a female deer euthanized in January of this year. Assessments within the facility this summer included surveillance with swabs of equipment, water and feed sites paired with targeted euthanasia and tissue testing. Subsequent amplification and regulatory tests confirmed not-detected results on the 66 deer postmortem tested, as part of the investigation. Remaining individuals in the facility were screened with ante-mortem tonsil and rectal biopsies in October resulting in the positive detection from a tonsil biopsy on the 14-month-old male.

CWD is a fatal neurological disease found in certain cervids including deer, elk, moose and other members of the deer family. This slow, progressive disease may not produce visible signs in susceptible species for several years after infection. As the disease process continues, animals with CWD may show changes in behavior and appearance. Clinical signs may include progressive weight loss, stumbling or tremors with a lack of coordination, loss of appetite, teeth grinding, abnormal head posture and/or drooping ears, and excessive thirst, salivation or urination.

CWD has an incubation period that can span years, so the first indication of the disease in a herd is often found through surveillance testing rather than observed clinical signs. Early detection and proactive monitoring improve the state’s response time to the detection of CWD and can greatly reduce the risk of further disease spread. 

In Texas, the disease was first discovered in 2012 in free-ranging mule deer along a remote area of the Hueco Mountains near the Texas-New Mexico border. CWD has since been detected in Texas captive and free-ranging cervids, including white-tailed deer, mule deer, red deer and elk.

For more information on previous detections in Texas and CWD best management practices for hunters and landowners, visit TPWD’s CWD page. For more information about the Kerr WMA and research projects visit Kerr WMA web page.


very sad TPWD et al, but keep up the good work trying to detect and contain CWD...terry

HERE IS some previous suspect deer there i ask about in August 2023;

***>I recommend you send questions to WL.Health@tpwd.texas.gov and our knowledge experts can respond to you. 

Greetings TPWD et al, I have followed Cwd, BSE, Scrapie, Camel Prion Disease, CJD, closely since 1997, and every deer in Texas that had CWD since 2012, Mule deer. The travesty of the junk science the breeders are throwing out on cwd is almost comical, if not for the seriousness of Cwd. I keep hearing about a Deer at Kerr WMA, all these breeders keep asking about. Now I read a while back about Kerr WMA, that there was a false positive cwd, that was followed by two negative tests, so this deer was negative, but I have no confirmation on this. Could you please confirm or deny this please, and give me a bit of background on this? 

Thank you kindly for all the hard work you are doing trying to contain this monster… 

Kindest regards, terry Terry S. Singeltary Sr. flounder9@verizon.com

On Aug 1, 2023, at 12:19 PM, WL Health <WL.Health@tpwd.texas.gov> wrote: 

Hello sir, please see below for the background you are looking for. In the case of the Kerr WMA, included are 2 statements written by TPWD as the situation unfolded and the course of action taken by test type and subsequent results. These include the dates they were prepared as well. Currently the facility, as stated below, is conducting further testing out of an abundance of caution. June 8, 2023

TPWD is continuing to investigate a test result on a white-tailed deer at the Kerr Wildlife Management Area. Researchers working with TPWD have reported a CWD-positive test result on the deer, produced by an experimental test not yet validated by USDA. However, this result conflicts with a “not-detected” test result from the same animal using a USDA-validated test. 

TPWD has now received additional test results, using immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing, from Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (TVMDL). The results came back “Not Detected.” 

Additional analysis is still being conducted to compare results.

TPWD is investigating this case, which involves one deer. The suspect and unofficial CWD-positive detection resulted from an RT-QuIC test, an experimental assay that shows some promise as a more sensitive CWD detection technique that can be used on a wider range of tissues than other available methods of detection. The “not-detected” test result was produced using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA is a USDA-validated immunological test administered by Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory. Out of an abundance of caution and to reconcile the different test results, TPWD is seeking further tissue testing and in the meantime is treating the facility with a high standard of precautionary measures. All deer from this CWD research project were euthanized at the end of the project and tested for CWD as part of established research protocol. All other deer tested “not detected” for CWD.

Since 1974, TPWD has maintained the closed, pedigreed white-tailed deer herd at Kerr WMA for controlled studies on age, nutrition and genetics, providing results to stakeholders for management of wild deer herds. TPWD continues to operate the facility to share results with stakeholders for research and demonstration purposes and does not routinely move deer into or out of the facility. 

6-28-2023 Update The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) has received additional test results on a suspect CWD-positive white-tailed deer at the Kerr Wildlife Management Area (WMA). Researchers working with TPWD originally reported a suspect CWD-positive test result on the deer, produced by an RT-QuIC test, an experimental test not yet validated by USDA. However, this result conflicted with two “Not-Detected” test results from the same animal using USDA-validated tests, from Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory. Further testing on lymph nodes and brain tissue from the suspect animal utilizing protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) testing, a technique similar to RT-QuIC, have been performed and reported with “Not Detected” results. Out of an abundance of caution, TPWD is pursuing further testing in the facility and maintaining biosecurity measures. All deer from this CWD research project were euthanized at the end of the project and tested for CWD as part of established research protocol. All other deer tested “Not Detected” for CWD. The facility performs CWD testing on mortalities and euthanized individuals as part of routine protocols. Since 1974, TPWD has maintained the closed, pedigreed white-tailed deer herd at Kerr WMA for controlled studies on age, nutrition, and genetics, providing results to stakeholders for management of wild deer herds. TPWD does not routinely move deer into or out of the facility. 

end...personal communication...terry


TAHC Chronic Wasting Disease Detected in Cherokee County Deer Breeding Facility

For Immediate Release

November 17, 2023

Chronic Wasting Disease Detected in Cherokee County Deer Breeding Facility



Texas CWD Surveillance Positives (please note, TPWD CWD POSITIVE Tracking page is outdated again)

Chronic Wasting Disease in Texas

A Real Disease with Proven Impacts

Produced by a coalition of concerned hunters, landowners, & conservationists (last update 08/2023)

Snip…

Since 2012, CWD has been detected in wild deer in just 7 counties in Texas and is only established in the western panhandle and far west Texas.

In that same period of time, captive deer breeders have exposed almost half of Texas counties to CWD. 

Deer held in captive breeding facilities are confined to much tighter spaces, and have intimate contact with many more animals on a daily basis. By far the greatest factor in amplifying the spread of CWD is the artificial movement of these animals, shipped in livestock trailers hundreds of miles, far outside of their natural home range, and ultimately released to co-mingle with wild deer. 

Each year, Texas captive deer breeders liberate 20,000-30,000 deer from their pens to the wild. 

For every deer breeding facility where a CWD positive deer is discovered, an epidemiological investigation is conducted by the Texas Parks & Wildlife Department and the Texas Animal Health Commission to determine how many other deer may have been exposed to the disease and where they have been shipped. Because of the prolific artificial movement of captive deer, one deer with CWD can impact hundreds of other facilities and ranches across the state.

Unfortunately, released deer in Texas are not required to retain any kind of visible identification (an ear tag), and for this reason, the vast majority of released deer cannot be relocated for testing. 

As of August 2023, 116 Texas counties have received possibly infected breeder deer that cannot be located, putting more than 140,000 landowners at risk of the disease. 

Snip

The state of Texas has been testing for CWD since 2002. Since that time, more than 302,360 captive and free range deer have been tested. 

From 2015-2022, more than 127,000 samples were collected from hunter-harvested and roadkill deer. This sampling rate and risk-based distribution provides scientists confidence that they would have detected the disease if it existed at a very low prevalence (<1%) in any given region at the time sampling began.

Snip…

We have learned from other states where CWD has been present the longest, that a constant increase in the prevalence of the disease may lead to a significant decline in the deer population. When disease prevalence exceeds 20%, deer populations have declined by up to 50%. In some areas of Colorado, where CWD has been present since 1985, mule deer abundance has declined by 45% since that time, despite adequate habitat and no hunting ( Miller et al. 2008 ). Similarly, the South Converse Game Unit in Wyoming has documented CWD prevalence exceeding 50% and has seen an approximate 50% decline in mule deer populations.

Snip…

Rural Economies

Deer hunting is the lifeblood of rural Texas. White-tailed deer hunting is by far the most impactful segment of the hunting economy, representing $4.3 billion, according to a recent Texas A&M Study. And while deer breeders represent a very small segment of that economy (less than 5%), they represent one of the greatest risks. ( Full Texas A&M Report )

Real Estate

Rural land prices are largely driven by recreational buyers with hunting as a top land amenity. Without deer hunting, many of these properties will be worth much less.

Conservation Funding

Deer hunters are the largest funders of wildlife conservation in Texas through excise taxes on firearms, ammunition, and gear along with active membership supporting and funding conservation organizations. If deer hunting suffers due to CWD, all wildlife in Texas lose.

Culture & Health

Texas’ native deer herd has iconic value for all Texans. Deer hunting brings families together, creates camaraderie in communities, and serves to connect Texans to nature. There is no better protein than wild, locally harvested, non-GMO and totally organic venison. A healthy deer herd leads to healthy Texans and a healthy and prosperous Texas. 

Snip…

This isn't a disease for our lifetime. It's a disease for our grandchildren's lifetime. 

 - Dr. Bob Dittmar, Former Texas State Wildlife Veterinarian 

Snip…

See the full text with maps, graphs, much more, excellent data…


Since 2012, CWD has been detected in wild deer in just 7 counties in Texas and is only established in the western panhandle and far west Texas.

In that same period of time, captive deer breeders have exposed almost half of Texas counties to CWD. 


As of August 2023, 116 Texas counties have received possibly infected breeder deer that cannot be located, putting more than 140,000 landowners at risk of the disease. 


Chronic Wasting Disease in Texas A Real Disease with Proven Impacts

Produced by a coalition of concerned hunters, landowners, & conservationists (last update 08/2023)



23:00 minute mark

''Free Ranging Deer, Dr. Deyoung looked at Genetics of this free ranging deer and what he found was, that the genetics on this deer were more similar to captive deer, than the free ranging population, but he did not see a significant connection to any one captive facility that he analyzed, so we believe, Ahhhhhh, this animal had some captive ahhh, whatnot.''


Commission Agenda Item No. 5 Exhibit B

DISEASE DETECTION AND RESPONSE RULES

PROPOSAL PREAMBLE

1. Introduction. 

snip...

 A third issue is the accuracy of mortality reporting. Department records indicate that for each of the last five years an average of 26 deer breeders have reported a shared total of 159 escapes. Department records for the same time period indicate an average of 31 breeding facilities reported a shared total of 825 missing deer (deer that department records indicate should be present in the facility, but cannot be located or verified). 


On January 21, 2017 a tornado took down thousands of feet of fence for a 420-acre illegal deer enclosure in Lamar County that had been subject to federal and state investigation for illegally importing white-tailed deer into Mississippi from Texas (a CWD positive state). Native deer were free to move on and off the property before all of the deer were able to be tested for CWD. Testing will be made available for a period of three years for CWD on the property and will be available for deer killed within a 5-mile radius of the property on a voluntary basis. 


“It is interesting to note that, in 2001, the State of Texas shifted its deer management strategies toward the same leanings that Kroll has suggested for Wisconsin. In Texas, the change was brought about via heavy lobbying from the high-fence deer ranching industry. This pressure helped convince the Texas Parks and Wildlife to change their regulations and allow private landowners to select the own deer biologists.”


2012 “For 10 years, Texas has had an aggressive Chronic Wasting Disease prevention and monitoring program. Wildlife agency regulations prohibit importing deer into the state, and the agency has tested more than 26,000 hunter-taken deer and 7,400 animals from the captive-deer industry. None of those deer tested positive.”


''On January 21, 2017 a tornado took down thousands of feet of fence for a 420-acre illegal deer enclosure in Lamar County that had been subject to federal and state investigation for illegally importing white-tailed deer into Mississippi from Texas (a CWD positive state). Native deer were free to move on and off the property before all of the deer were able to be tested for CWD. Testing will be made available for a period of three years for CWD on the property and will be available for deer killed within a 5-mile radius of the property on a voluntary basis. ''

Texas Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Symposium 2018 posted January 2019 VIDEO SET 18 CLIPS

See Wisconsin update...terrible news, right after Texas updated map around 5 minute mark...


WISCONSIN CWD CAPTIVE CWD UPDATE VIDEO


cwd update on Wisconsin from Tammy Ryan...


Texas Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Symposium 2018 posted January 2019 VIDEO SET 18 CLIPS See Wisconsin update...terrible news, right after Texas updated map around 5 minute mark...


CWD WEBINAR CWD YESTERDAY! December 11, 2019

Dr. Mckenzie and CIDRAP on CWD TSE Prion


122: Prions and Chronic Wasting Disease with Jason Bartz


Texas CWD Symposium: Transmission by Saliva, Feces, Urine & Blood

the other part, these tissues and things in the body then shed or secrete prions which then are the route to other animals into the environment, so in particular, the things, the secretions that are infectious are salvia, feces, blood and urine. so pretty much anything that comes out of a deer is going to be infectious and potential for transmitting disease.


WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 01, 2023 

TEXAS CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE RISES SUBSTANTIALLY TO 575 CONFIRMED CWD CASES TO DATE


***Utah CWD TSE Prion

(Utah, to date, as of October 7, 2020, 118 mule deer and two elk have tested positive for CWD TSE Prion...tss)

***2023 Utah CWD TSE Prion, Currently, 188 mule deer and four elk have tested positive for CWD in Utah.




***Vermont CWD TSE Prion

***> 2023 Vermont CWD TSE PRION, to date, CWD has not been detected, don't cwd test enough, you don't find...terry




***Virginia CWD TSE Prion

(2020-Virginia, to date, has detected 84 CWD-positive deer have been detected in Virginia in Frederick and northern Shenandoah counties...tss)

***2023 Virginia CWD TSE Prion, Since 2009, a total of 179 CWD-positive deer have been confirmed in Virginia.




OLD CWD TIMELINE FOR VIRGINIA 2009-2021


***Washington CWD TSE Prion

***> 2023 Washington CWD TSE PRION, to date, CWD has not been detected in Washington, you don't test enough for cwd, you don't find CWD, until CWD finds you, then it's too late...terry

To date, CWD has not been detected in Washington.



The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife has been testing for chronic wasting disease (CWD) since 1995. To date, CWD has not been detected in Washington. We urge hunters to help us maintain our healthy deer, elk, and moose populations. For more information on CWD, check out wdfw.wa.gov/species-habitats/diseases/chronicwasting.




***West Virginia CWD TSE Prion

(2020-West Virginia, to date, total number of confirmed CWD cases in deer in the Eastern Panhandle is 398 — 358 deer in Hampshire County, six deer in Hardy County, 21 deer in Berkeley County, seven deer in Mineral County and six deer in Morgan County.)

***> 2023 West Virginia CWD TSE Prion, As of, 2021-2022, The disease has now been detected in 456 deer in Hampshire County, 14 deer in Hardy County, 25 deer in Berkeley County, 10 deer in Mineral County and nine deer in Morgan County.


A sample collection for Hardy County and published in the 2021-2022 Hunting and Trapping Regulations Summary was conducted during the first two days of the buck firearms season. WVDNR staff collected and submitted samples from 277 hunter-harvested deer. Fifty of these samples were found to have the abnormal protein associated with CWD. The disease has now been detected in 456 deer in Hampshire County, 14 deer in Hardy County, 25 deer in Berkeley County, 10 deer in Mineral County and nine deer in Morgan County.




***Wisconsin CWD TSE Prion 

(2020-Wisconsin, to date, has detected 7,109 cases of CWD data released through November 22, 2020...tss)

***> 2023 CWD TSE PRION 

Wisconsin Dodge County Deer Farm Depopulated, In total, there were 26 positive cases of CWD at this premises

Dodge County Herd Depopulated Following CWD Detection

​​​FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: December 20, 2023

Contact: Neal Patten, Public Information Officer, (608) 440-0294, neal.patten@wisconsin.gov

MADISON, Wis. – The Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (DATCP) confirms that a Dodge County deer farm that tested positive for chronic wasting disease (CWD) in May 2023 has been depopulated. Of the 172 animals depopulated, 23 tested positive for the disease. In total, there were 26 positive cases of CWD at this premises, as three cervids had died prior to depopulation.

DATCP quarantined the farm in May 2023 when a 9-year-old doe tested positive for CWD. A quarantine means that no live animals or whole carcasses are permitted to leave the property. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Wildlife Services depopulated the herd, and samples were submitted to the USDA National Veterinary Services Laboratory in Ames, Iowa, for testing.

The farm owner will receive federal indemnity for the depopulated animals. The farm will not be permitted to hold cervids for five years, and during that period it must maintain fences and submit to routine inspections. 

CWD is a fatal, neurological disease of deer, elk, and moose caused by an infectious protein called a prion that affects the animal's brain, and testing for CWD is typically only performed after the animal's death. DATCP regulates deer farms for registration, recordkeeping, disease testing, movement, and permit requirements.

***> 2023 Wisconsin CWD TSE Prion, 12,399 Confirmed Cases through December 15, 2023

***> 2022 Wisconsin CWD TSE Prion, 1,492 Confirmed Cases




(Wyomiruary 2020, CWD had been identified in 31 of 37 (84%) of the state’s mule deer herds, in nine of 36 (25%) of the state’s elk herds, and generally wherever white-tailed deer occur in Wyoming (white-tailed deer herd units are loosely defined in Wyoming outside of the Black Hills). In contrast, CWD remains very rare in moose, and has only been detected in one targeted moose in 2008, with 1,198 moose tested to date....tss)

***> 2023 Wyoming CWD TSE Prion, The Wyoming Game and Fish Department’s Wildlife Health Laboratory tested 6,701 samples from big game animals for chronic wasting disease (CWD) in 2022. Testing was completed earlier this year and samples were submitted from throughout the state. CWD was not detected in 5,875 samples and 826 samples were positive. Some samples submitted were not testable. 


Chronic wasting disease (CWD) – The WHL continued annual surveillance for CWD throughout the state, focusing on priority herds in order to increase sample sizes. A total of 6,884 deer, elk, and moose samples were analyzed by the WHL, with 839 being CWD positive. The 2021 surveillance effort identified four new CWD positive deer hunt areas and five new positive elk hunt areas. New areas are added to an interactive web map to keep the public informed.






Friday, November 16, 2012 

Yellowstone elk herds feeding grounds, or future killing grounds from CWD 


SATURDAY, DECEMBER 08, 2018 

Wind Cave elk capture project to limit spread of disease or Planned elk drive from Wind Cave National Park raises question about spread of disease?


WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 2014 

Shenandoah National Park, Chronic Wasting Disease Management Plan/Environmental Assessment 


Wednesday, October 29, 2014 

Chronic wasting disease now rings Greater Yellowstone in Wyoming 


Tuesday, March 05, 2013 

Chronic Wasting Disease Management Plan/Environmental Impact Statement, Shenandoah National Park Virginia 


Tuesday, February 26, 2013 

Planned elk drive from Wind Cave National Park raises question about spread of disease 

snip... 

just when you think it can’t get worse, dumb and dumber step up to the plate. this is about as dumb, if not dumber, than the blunder at Colorado Division of Wildlife Foothills Wildlife Research Facility in Fort Collins, where cwd was first documented. sometimes, you just can’t fix stupid. ...tss this should never happen! 


Friday, November 16, 2012 

Yellowstone elk herds feeding grounds, or future killing grounds from CWD 



EFSA TSE Prion Report 2022 First published 28 November 2023

The European Union summary report on surveillance for the presence of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) in 2022

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)

First published: 28 November 2023


Approved: 19 October 2023 Abstract

This report presents the results of surveillance on transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) in cattle, sheep, goats, cervids and other species, and genotyping in sheep and goats, carried out in 2022 by 27 Member States (MS, EU27), the United Kingdom (in respect of Northern Ireland [XI]) and other eight non-EU reporting countries: 

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Iceland, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland and Türkiye. 

In total, 977,008 cattle were tested by EU27 and XI (−4.3%, compared with 2021), and 52,395 cattle by eight non-EU reporting countries, with one case of H-BSE in France. 

In total, 295,145 sheep and 109,074 goats were tested in the EU27 and XI (−5.2% and −7.9%, respectively, compared to 2021). 

In the other non-EU reporting countries, 25,535 sheep and 633 goats were tested. 

In sheep, 557 cases of scrapie were reported by 17 MS and XI: 

480 classical scrapie (CS) by five MS (93 index cases [IC] with genotypes of susceptible groups in 97.6% of the cases), 77 atypical scrapie (AS) (76 IC) by 14 MS and XI. 

In the other non-EU reporting countries, Norway reported 16 cases of ovine AS. 

Ovine random genotyping was reported by eight MS and genotypes of susceptible groups accounted for 7.3%. 

In goats, 224 cases of scrapie were reported, all from EU MS: 216 CS (42 IC) by six MS, and 8 AS (8 IC) by four MS. 

In Cyprus, two cases of CS were reported in goats carrying the heterozygous DN146 allele. 

In total, 3202 cervids were tested for chronic wasting disease by 10 MS. 

One wild European moose tested positive in Finland. 

Norway tested 17,583 cervids with two European moose, one reindeer and one red deer positive. 

In total, 154 animals from four other species tested negative in Finland.


TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 2023

EFSA TSE Report 2022 First published 28 November 2023 The European Union summary report on surveillance for the presence of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) in 2022


***> 2023 Canada CWD TSE Prion 

Current as of: 2023-11-30

Domestic cervid herds confirmed to be infected with CWD in Canada

Year Date confirmed Location Animal type infected

2023 August 2 Alberta Elk

2023 June 6 Saskatchewan White-tailed deer

2023 June 6 Alberta White-tailed deer

2023 April 20 Saskatchewan White-tailed deer

2023 March 29 Alberta Elk

2023 March 27 Alberta Elk

2023 March 8 Saskatchewan Elk

Snip…see history;


2020-Canada CWD TSE Prion Confirmed in Five Herds

Canada Federally Reportable Terrestrial Diseases

The number of confirmed cases of federally reportable diseases affecting terrestrial animals has been updated to include the month of October 2020.

In October, chronic wasting disease was confirmed in five herds.

2020 October 2 Alberta Elk

2020 October 14 Alberta Elk

2020 October 21 Saskatchewan Elk

2020 October 21 Alberta Elk

2020 October 28 Alberta Elk


15 minute mark video shows sick deer with cwd, and this deer DIED FROM CWD, IT'S DOCUMENTED, commentator says ''so if anyone every tells you, that a deer has never died from CWD, think of this picture, because the Wisconsin Veterinary Lab told us, what when they looked at her sample under a microscope, she was the hottest animal they had ever seen, and that's in terms of the fluorescents that comes off the slide when the look at it, so, a lot of Prion in her system.''

''SCENTS AND LURES, we know that the Prion is shed in urine, and essentially the production of these products is unregulated, we have no idea, you can't tell where they come from, what species are in them, how many animals, how they are processed, there is really no rules about them, so we are concerned it is a way to bring the disease into new areas, and have us fighting on multiple fronts, AND there are zero risk synthetic options that are readily available in stores, so we have ask hunters to switch to zero risk options.''

see much more about 2 hours long...



CWD Seeing is believing part 1 Video


CWD Seeing is believing part 2 Video


***> PLEASE WATCH THIS VIDEO, AND BE SURE TO SEE AROUND THE 8 MINUTE MARK, VERY, VERY, DISTURBING...terry

Unsustainable for population.


LISTEN TO THIS NICE LITTLE CWD BLUES DIDDY BY TAMI ABOUT WISCONSIN CWD TSE PRION. WOW, ANNUAL UPDATES NOW, FROM HERE ON OUT, ABOUT CWD...200,000 CWD TESTS, WITH OVER 3500 CWD POSITIVE CASES, SEEING INCREASING TRENDS IN PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION...CARCASS DISPOSAL SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGE...CWD SAMPLING EFFORTS GONE DONE, WHILE CWD POSITIVES HAVE GONE UP...ALSO, 40 SELF SERVING KIOSKS ACROSS STATE AND FREE HUNTER SERVICE CWD TESTING AND SICK DEER POLICY REPORTING AND TESTING ACROSS STATE!

***> LISTEN TO THIS CWD BLUES DIDDY ABOUT WISCONSIN CWD TSE PRION...terry


TEXAS BREEDER DEER ESCAPEE WITH CWD IN THE WILD, or so the genetics would show?

OH NO, please tell me i heard this wrong, a potential Texas captive escapee with cwd in the wild, in an area with positive captive cwd herd?

apparently, no ID though. tell me it ain't so please...

23:00 minute mark

''Free Ranging Deer, Dr. Deyoung looked at Genetics of this free ranging deer and what he found was, that the genetics on this deer were more similar to captive deer, than the free ranging population, but he did not see a significant connection to any one captive facility that he analyzed, so we believe, Ahhhhhh, this animal had some captive ahhh, whatnot.''


Texas symposium Cwd


Arkansas Cwd


Wyoming Cwd 2022 test results


Monday, November 13, 2023

Food and Drug Administration's BSE Feed Regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) Singeltary Another Request for Update 2023


WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 2022 

CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION UPDATE DECEMBER 14, 2022 


MONDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 2020

Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Cervid State by State and Global Update November 2020


Expanding Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease ACTIVE By National Wildlife Health Center November 24, 2023 


MONDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 2020 

North America coyotes or pumas can serve as a vehicle for prions contributing to the spread of the infectious agent in the environment


THURSDAY, OCTOBER 19, 2023 

CWD TSE PRION CERVID ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS 2023 


Control of Chronic Wasting Disease OMB Control Number: 0579-0189APHIS-2021-0004 Singeltary Submission



Docket No. APHIS-2018-0011 Chronic Wasting Disease Herd Certification



APHIS Indemnity Regulations [Docket No. APHIS-2021-0010] RIN 0579-AE65 Singeltary Comment Submission

Comment from Singeltary Sr., Terry

Posted by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service on Sep 8, 2022



Docket No. FDA-2003-D-0432 (formerly 03D-0186) Use of Material from Deer and Elk in Animal Feed 

PUBLIC SUBMISSION

Comment from Terry Singeltary Sr.

Posted by the Food and Drug Administration on May 17, 2016 Comment

Docket No. FDA-2003-D-0432 (formerly 03D-0186) Use of Material from Deer and Elk in Animal Feed Singeltary Submission 



Fortuitous generation of a zoonotic cervid prion strain 

Manuel Camacho, Xu Qi, Liuting Qing, Sydney Smith, Jieji Hu, Wanyun Tao, Ignazio Cali, Qingzhong Kong. Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA 

Aims: Whether CWD prions can infect humans remains unclear despite the very substantial scale and long history of human exposure of CWD in many states or provinces of USA and Canada. Multiple in vitro conversion experiments and in vivo animal studies indicate that the CWD-to-human transmission barrier is not unbreakable. A major long-term public health concern on CWD zoonosis is the emergence of highly zoonotic CWD strains. We aim to address the question of whether highly zoonotic CWD strains are possible. 

Materials and Methods: We inoculated several sCJD brain samples into cervidized transgenic mice (Tg12), which were intended as negative controls for bioassays of brain tissues from sCJD cases who had potentially been exposed to CWD. Some of the Tg12 mice became infected and their brain tissues were further examined by Western blot as well as serial passages in humanized or cervidized mice. 

Results: Passage of sCJDMM1 in transgenic mice expressing elk PrP (Tg12) resulted in a “cervidized” CJD strain that we termed CJDElkPrP. We observed 100% transmission of the original CJDElkPrP in transgenic mice expressing human PrP. We passaged CJDElkPrP two more times in the Tg12 mice. We found that such second and third passage CJDElkPrP prions retained 100% transmission rate in the humanized mice, despite that the natural elk CWD isolates and CJDElkPrP share the same elk PrP sequence. In contrast, we and others found zero or poor transmission of natural elk CWD isolates in humanized mice. 

Conclusions: Our data indicate that highly zoonotic cervid prion strains are not only possible but also can retain zoonotic potential after serial passages in cervids, suggesting a very significant and serious long-term risk of CWD zoonosis given that the broad and continuing spread of CWD prions will provide fertile grounds for the emergence of zoonotic CWD strains over time. 

Funded by: NIH Grant number: R01NS052319, R01NS088604, R01NS109532 

Acknowledgement: We want to thank the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center and Drs. Allen Jenny and Katherine O'Rourke for providing the sCJD samples and the CWD samples used in this study, respectively

"Our data indicate that highly zoonotic cervid prion strains are not only possible but also can retain zoonotic potential after serial passages in cervids, suggesting a very significant and serious long-term risk of CWD zoonosis given that the broad and continuing spread of CWD prions will provide fertile grounds for the emergence of zoonotic CWD strains over time."

PRION 2023 CONTINUED; 


***> Currently, there is scientific evidence to suggest that CWD has zoonotic potential; however, no confirmed cases of CWD have been found in humans.

PART 2. TPWD CHAPTER 65. DIVISION 1. CWD

31 TAC §§65.82, 65.85, 65.88

The Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission in a duly noticed meeting on May 25, 2023 adopted amendments to 31 TAC §§65.82, 65.85, and §65.88, concerning Disease Detection and Response, without changes to the proposed text as published in the April 21, 2023, issue of the Texas Register (48 TexReg 2048). The rules will not be republished.

***> Currently, there is scientific evidence to suggest that CWD has zoonotic potential; however, no confirmed cases of CWD have been found in humans.


17 DETECTION OF CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE PRIONS IN PROCESSED MEATS.

Rebeca Benavente1, Francisca Bravo1,2, Paulina Soto1,2, J. Hunter Reed3, Mitch Lockwood3, Rodrigo Morales1,2

1Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA. 2Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile. 3Texas Parks and Wildlife, Austin, USA

Abstract

The zoonotic potential of chronic wasting disease (CWD) remains unknown. Currently, there are no known natural cases of CWD transmission to humans but increasing evidence suggests that the host range of CWD is not confined only to cervid species. Alarmingly, recent experimental evidence suggests that certain CWD isolates can induce disease in non-human primates. While the CDC strongly recommends determining CWD status in animals prior to consumption, this practice is voluntary. Consequently, it is plausible that a proportion of the cervid meat entering the human food chain may be contaminated with CWD. Of additional concern is that traditional diagnostic techniques used to detect CWD have relatively low sensitivity and are only approved for use in tissues other than those typically ingested by humans. In this study, we analyzed different processed meats derived from a pre-clinical, CWD-positive free-ranging elk. Products tested included filets, sausages, boneless steaks, burgers, ham steaks, seasoned chili meats, and spiced meats. CWD-prion presence in these products were assessed by PMCA using deer and elk substrates. 

***> Our results show positive prion detection in all products. 

***>To confirm the resilience of CWD-prions to traditional cooking methods, we grilled and boiled the meat products and evaluated them for any remnant PMCA seeding activity. Results confirmed the presence of CWD-prions in these meat products suggesting that infectious particles may still be available to people even after cooking. 

***> Our results strongly suggest ongoing human exposure to CWD-prions and raise significant concerns of zoonotic transmission through ingestion of CWD contaminated meat products. 

***> Products tested included filets, sausages, boneless steaks, burgers, ham steaks, seasoned chili meats, and spiced meats. 

***> CWD-prion presence in these products were assessed by PMCA using deer and elk substrates. 

***> Our results show positive prion detection in all products. 

***> Results confirmed the presence of CWD-prions in these meat products suggesting that infectious particles may still be available to people even after cooking.

***> Our results strongly suggest ongoing human exposure to CWD-prions and raise significant concerns of zoonotic transmission through ingestion of CWD contaminated meat products. 

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Transmission of prion infectivity from CWD-infected macaque tissues to rodent models demonstrates the zoonotic potential of chronic wasting disease.

Samia Hannaoui1,2, Ginny Cheng1,2, Wiebke Wemheuer3, Walter Schulz-Schaeffer3, Sabine Gilch1,2, Hermann Schatzl1,2 1University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. 2Calgary Prion Research Unit, Calgary, Canada. 3Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany

***> Further passage to cervidized mice revealed transmission with a 100% attack rate. 

***> Our findings demonstrate that macaques, considered the best model for the zoonotic potential of prions, were infected upon CWD challenge, including the oral one. 

****> The disease manifested as atypical in macaques and initial transgenic mouse transmissions, but with infectivity present at all times, as unveiled in the bank vole model with an unusual tissue tropism. 

***> Epidemiologic surveillance of prion disease among cervid hunters and people likely to have consumed venison contaminated with chronic wasting disease

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Transmission of Cervid Prions to Humanized Mice Demonstrates the Zoonotic Potential of CWD

Aims: Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disease of cervids, spreads efficiently among wild and farmed animals. Potential transmission to humans of CWD is a growing concern due to its increasing prevalence. Here, we aimed to determine the zoonotic potential of CWD using a mouse model for human prion diseases.

Material and Methods: Transgenic mice overexpressing human PrPChomozygous for methionine at codon 129 (tg650) were inoculated intracerebrally with brain homogenates of white-tailed deer infected with Wisc-1/CWD1 or 116AG CWD strains. Mice were monitored for clinical signs and were euthanized at terminal disease. Brains were tested by RT-QuIC, western blot upon PK digestion, and immunohistochemistry; fecal homogenates were analyzed by RT-QuIC. Brain/spinal cord and fecal homogenates of CWD-inoculated tg650 mice were inoculated into tg650 mice or bank voles. Brain homogenates of bank voles inoculated with fecal homogenates of CWD-infected tg650 mice were used for second passage in bank voles.

Results: Here, we provide the strongest evidence supporting the zoonotic potential of CWD prions, and their possible phenotype in humans. Inoculation of mice expressing human PrPCwith deer CWD isolates (strains Wisc-1 and 116AG) resulted in atypical clinical manifestations in > 75% of the mice, with myoclonus as leading clinical sign. Most of tg650brain homogenates were positive for seeding activity in RT-QuIC. Clinical disease and presentation was transmissible to tg650 mice and bank voles. Intriguingly, protease-resistant PrP in the brain of tg650 mice resembled that found in a familial human prion disease and was transmissible upon passage. Abnormal PrP aggregates upon infection with Wisc-1 were detectable in thalamus, hypothalamus, and midbrain/pons regions.

Unprecedented in human prion disease, feces of CWD-inoculated tg650 mice harbored prion seeding activity and infectious prions, as shown by inoculation of bank voles and tg650 with fecal homogenates.

Conclusions: This is the first evidence that CWD can infect humans and cause disease with a distinctive clinical presentation, signature, and tropism, which might be transmissible between humans while current diagnostic assays might fail to detect it. These findings have major implications for public health and CWD-management.


PLoS One. 2020; 15(8): e0237410. Published online 2020 Aug 20. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237410 PMCID: PMC7446902 PMID: 32817706 

Very low oral exposure to prions of brain or saliva origin can transmit chronic wasting disease 

Abstract 

While low-dose exposures to prions of brain or saliva origin prolonged the time from inoculation to first detection of infection, once infection was established, we observed no differences in disease pathogenesis. These studies suggest that the CWD minimum infectious dose approximates 100 to 300 ng CWD-positive brain (or saliva equivalent), and that CWD infection appears to conform more with a threshold than a cumulative dose dynamic.

snip...

The results demonstrate: (a) that the minimum CWD oral infectious dose is vastly lower than historical studies used to establish infection; (b) that a direct relationship exists between dose and incubation time to first prion replication detection in tonsils, irrespective of genotype; (c) that a difference was not discernible between brain vs. saliva source prions in ability to establish infection or in resultant disease course; and (d) that the CWD infection process appears to conform more to a threshold dose than an accumulative dose dynamic. 


Transmission of cervid prions to humanized mice demonstrates the zoonotic potential of CWD 

Original Paper Open access Published: 22 August 2022 volume 144, pages767–784 (2022)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THIS STUDY

================================

Our results suggest that CWD might infect humans, although the transmission barrier is likely higher compared to zoonotic transmission of cattle prions. Notably, our data suggest a different clinical presentation, prion signature, and tissue tropism, which causes challenges for detection by current diagnostic assays. Furthermore, the presence of infectious prions in feces is concerning because if this occurs in humans, it is a source for human-to-human transmission. These findings have strong implications for public health and CWD management.

In this study, we evaluated the zoonotic potential of CWD using a transgenic mouse model overexpressing human M129-PrPC (tg650[12]). We inoculated tg650 mice intracerebrally with two deer CWD isolates, Wisc-1 and 116AG [22, 23, 27, 29]. We demonstrate that this transgenic line was susceptible to infection with CWD prions and displayed a distinct leading clinical sign, an atypical PrPSc signature and unusual fecal shedding of infectious prions. Importantly, these prions generated by the human PrP transgenic mice were transmissible upon passage. Our results are the first evidence of a zoonotic risk of CWD when using one of the most common CWD strains, Wisc-1/CWD1 for infection. We demonstrated in a human transgenic mouse model that the species barrier for transmission of CWD to humans is not absolute. The fact that its signature was not typical raises the questions whether CWD would manifest in humans as a subclinical infection, whether it would arise through direct or indirect transmission including an intermediate host, or a silent to uncovered human-to-human transmission, and whether current detection techniques will be suffcient to unveil its presence.

Our findings strongly suggest that CWD should be regarded as an actual public health risk. Here, we use humanized mice to show that CWD prions can cross the species barrier to humans, and remarkably, infectious prions can be excreted in feces.

Our results indicate that if CWD crosses the species-barrier to humans, it is unlikely to resemble the most common forms of human prion diseases with respect to clinical signs, tissue tropism and PrPSc signature. For instance, PrPSc in variable protease-sensitive prionopathy (VPSPr), a sporadic form of human prion disease, and in the genetic form Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS) is defined by an atypical PK-resistant PrPSc fragment that is non-glycosylated and truncated at both C- and N-termini, with a molecular weight between 6 and 8 kDa [24, 44–46]. These biochemical features are unique and distinctive from PrPSc (PrP27-30) found in most other human or animal prion disease. The atypical PrPSc signature detected in brain homogenate of tg650 mice #321 (1st passage) and #3063 (2nd passage), and the 7–8 kDa fragment (Figs. 2, 4) are very similar to that of GSS, both in terms of migration profile and the N-terminal cleavage site.

CWD in humans might remain subclinical but with PrPSc deposits in the brain with an unusual morphology that does not resemble the patterns usually seen in different prion diseases (e.g., mouse #328; Fig. 3), clinical with untraceable abnormal PrP (e.g., mouse #327) but still transmissible and uncovered upon subsequent passage (e.g., mouse #3063; Fig. 4), or prions have other reservoirs than the usual ones, hence the presence of infectivity in feces (e.g., mouse #327) suggesting a potential for human-to-human transmission and a real iatrogenic risk that might be unrecognizable.

suggesting a potential for human-to-human transmission and a real iatrogenic risk that might be unrecognizable.

=================================

Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 


snip...see full text;



USDA Announces Atypical L-Type Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE Detection

 

SATURDAY, MAY 20, 2023 

Tennessee State Veterinarian Alerts Cattle Owners to Disease Detection Mad Cow atypical L-Type BSE



Wednesday, May 24, 2023 

WAHIS, WOAH, OIE, United States of America Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Immediate notification


ABOUT 2+ WEEKS BEFORE THE DETECTION OF BSE IN THE USA IN 2023, I WROTE THIS;

May 2, 2023, i submitted this to the USDA et al;

Docket No. APHIS–2023–0027 Notice of Request for Revision to and Extension of Approval of an Information Collection; National Veterinary Services Laboratories; Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Surveillance Program Singeltary Submission

ONLY by the Grace of God, have we not had a documented BSE outbreak, that and the fact the USDA et al are only testing 25K cattle for BSE, a number too low to find mad cow disease from some 28.9 million beef cows in the United States as of Jan. 1, 2023, down 4% from last year. The number of milk cows in the United States increased to 9.40 million. U.S. calf crop was estimated at 34.5 million head, down 2% from 2021. Jan 31, 2023. 

ALL it would take is one BSE positive, yet alone a handful of BSE cases, this is why the Enhanced BSE was shut down, and the BSE testing shut down to 25k, and the BSE GBRs were replaced with BSE MRRs, after the 2003 Christmas Mad cow, the cow that stole Christmas, making it legal to trade BSE, imo. 

Document APHIS-2023-0027-0001 BSE Singeltary Comment Submission


see full submission;


WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 08, 2023 

Ireland Atypical BSE confirmed November 3 2023 


TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 2023 

Ireland Atypical BSE case, 3 progeny of case cow to be culled 


SUNDAY, JULY 16, 2023 

Switzerland Atypical BSE detected in a cow in the canton of St. Gallen 


WAHIS, WOAH, OIE, REPORT Switzerland Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Atypical L-Type

Switzerland Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Atypical L-Type

Switzerland - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy - Immediate notification



Monday, March 20, 2023 

WAHIS, WOAH, OIE, REPORT United Kingdom Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Atypical H-Type 





BRAZIL BSE START DATE 2023/01/18

BRAZIL BSE CONFIRMATION DATE 2023/02/22

BRAZIL BSE END DATE 2023/03/03



SPAIN BSE START DATE 2023/01/21

SPAIN BSE CONFIRMATION DATE 2023/02/03

SPAIN BSE END DATE 2023/02/06



NETHERLANDS BSE START DATE 2023/02/01

NETHERLANDS BSE CONFIRMATION DATE 2023/02/01

NETHERLANDS BSE END DATE 2023/03/13



Price of TSE Prion Poker goes up substantially, all you cattle ranchers and such, better pay close attention here...terry

Transmission of the chronic wasting disease agent from elk to cattle after oronasal exposure

Justin Greenlee, Jifeng Bian, Zoe Lambert, Alexis Frese, and Eric Cassmann Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USA 

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility of cattle to chronic wasting disease agent from elk. 

Conclusions: Cattle with the E211K polymorphism are susceptible to the CWD agent after oronasal exposure of 0.2 g of infectious material. 

"Cattle with the E211K polymorphism are susceptible to the CWD agent after oronasal exposure of 0.2 g of infectious material."

=====end

Strain characterization of chronic wasting disease in bovine-PrP transgenic mice 

Conclusions: Altogether, these results exhibit the diversity of CWD strains present in the panel of CWD isolates and the ability of at least some CWD isolates to infect bovine species. Cattle being one of the most important farming species, this ability represents a potential threat to both animal and human health, and consequently deserves further study. 

"Altogether, these results exhibit the diversity of CWD strains present in the panel of CWD isolates and the ability of at least some CWD isolates to infect bovine species. Cattle being one of the most important farming species, this ability represents a potential threat to both animal and human health, and consequently deserves further study."

=====end


Experimental transmission of ovine atypical scrapie to cattle Experimental transmission of ovine atypical scrapie to cattle

Timm Konold, John Spiropoulos, Janet Hills, Hasina Abdul, Saira Cawthraw, Laura Phelan, Amy McKenna, Lauren Read, Sara Canoyra, Alba Marín-Moreno & Juan María Torres 

Veterinary Research volume 54, Article number: 98 (2023) 

Abstract

Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle was caused by the recycling and feeding of meat and bone meal contaminated with a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) agent but its origin remains unknown. This study aimed to determine whether atypical scrapie could cause disease in cattle and to compare it with other known TSEs in cattle. Two groups of calves (five and two) were intracerebrally inoculated with atypical scrapie brain homogenate from two sheep with atypical scrapie. Controls were five calves intracerebrally inoculated with saline solution and one non-inoculated animal. Cattle were clinically monitored until clinical end-stage or at least 96 months post-inoculation (mpi). After euthanasia, tissues were collected for TSE diagnosis and potential transgenic mouse bioassay. One animal was culled with BSE-like clinical signs at 48 mpi. The other cattle either developed intercurrent diseases leading to cull or remained clinical unremarkable at study endpoint, including control cattle. None of the animals tested positive for TSEs by Western immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. Bioassay of brain samples from the clinical suspect in Ov-Tg338 and Bov-Tg110 mice was also negative. By contrast, protein misfolding cyclic amplification detected prions in the examined brains from atypical scrapie-challenged cattle, which had a classical BSE-like phenotype. This study demonstrates for the first time that a TSE agent with BSE-like properties can be amplified in cattle inoculated with atypical scrapie brain homogenate.

snip...

This is the first study in cattle inoculated with naturally occurring scrapie isolates that found the presence of prions resembling classical BSE in bovine brain although this was limited to detection by the ultrasensitive PMCA. The results from thermostability assay confirmed that the isolates were as thermoresistant as the BSE agent as proven in other studies [36, 48]. Previous PMCA studies with various British atypical scrapie isolates did not find any evidence of amplification [49, 50]. This may be explained by the use of ovine brain as substrate rather than brain from Bov-Tg110 mice, which may facilitate conversion to classical BSE prions.

Two hypotheses for prion strain propagation in cross-species transmission experiments have been proposed: conformational selection favours a particular strain conformation out of a mixture of conformations in a scrapie isolate whilst mutation results in the conformational shift of one conformation into another [51]. Following on from the study in mice [17], it has been subsequently suggested that classical BSE properties that arise in atypical scrapie isolates transmitted to cattle may be due to conformational mutation in a new host [52]. It does not confirm that the atypical scrapie agent is the origin of the classical BSE epidemic and further transmission studies would be required to see whether classical BSE can be generated.

Would PMCA applied to brains from cattle exposed to TSE agents other than classical BSE and atypical scrapie also produce a classical BSE-like molecular phenotype? The PMCA product obtained in the thermostability test using a thermosensitive classical scrapie control showed a profile unlike classical BSE. Atypical BSE has been linked to the origin of classical BSE because of its conversion into classical BSE following serial passages in wild-type mice (L-type BSE [11]) and bovine transgenic mice (H-type BSE [53]). Although we have not tested PMCA products of atypical BSE isolates as part of this study, there is no evidence that PMCA products from atypical BSE convert into classical BSE, at least for H-type BSE using bovine brain as substrate [54]. In fact, we were unable to propagate H-type BSE using the same methodology (S Canoyra, A Marín-Moreno, JM Torres, unpublished observation).

The study results support the decision to maintain the current ban on animal meal in feedstuffs for ruminants, particularly as atypical scrapie occurs world-wide, and eradication is unlikely for a sporadic disease.

In summary, experimental inoculation of cattle with the atypical scrapie agent may produce clinical disease indistinguishable from classical BSE, which cannot be diagnosed by conventional diagnostic tests, but prions can be amplified by ultrasensitive tests in both clinically affected and clinically unremarkable cattle, which reveal classical BSE-like characteristics. Further studies are required to assess whether a BSE-like disease can be confirmed by conventional tests, which may initially include a second passage in cattle.


Title: Transmission of atypical BSE: a possible origin of Classical BSE in cattle

Authors: Sandor Dudas1, Samuel James Sharpe1, Kristina Santiago-Mateo1, Stefanie Czub1, Waqas Tahir1,2, *

Affiliation: 1National and WOAH reference Laboratory for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Canadian Food inspection Agency, Lethbridge Laboratory, Lethbridge, Canada. 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.

*Corresponding and Presenting Author: waqas.tahir@inspection.gc.ca

Background: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of cattle and is categorized into classical and atypical forms. Classical BSE (CBSE) is linked to the consumption of BSE contaminated feed whereas atypical BSE is considered to be spontaneous in origin. The potential for oral transmission of atypical BSE is yet to be clearly defined.

Aims: To assess the oral transmissibility of atypical BSE (H and L type) in cattle. Should transmission be successful, determine the biochemical characteristics and distribution of PrPSc in the challenge cattle.

Material and Methods: For oral transmission, calves were fed with 100 g of either H (n=3) or L BSE (n=3) positive brain material. Two years post challenge, 1 calf from each of the H and L BSE challenge groups exhibited behavioural signs and were euthanized. Various brain regions of both animals were tested by traditional and novel prion detection methods with inconclusive results. To detect infectivity, brain homogenates from these oral challenge animals (P1) were injected intra-cranially (IC) into steer calves. Upon clinical signs of BSE, 3/4 of IC challenged steer calves were euthanized and tested for PrPSc with ELISA, immunohistochemistry and immunoblot.

Results: After 6 years of incubation, 3/4 animals (2/2 steers IC challenged with brain from P1 L-BSE oral challenge and 1/2 steer IC challenged with brain from P1 H-BSE oral challenge) developed clinical disease. Analysis of these animals revealed high levels of PrPSc in their brains, having biochemical properties similar to that of PrPSc in C-BSE.

Conclusion: These results demonstrate the oral transmission potential of atypical BSE in cattle. Surprisingly, regardless of which atypical type of BSE was used for P1 oral challenge, PrPSc in the P2 animals acquired biochemical characteristics similar to that of PrPSc in C-BSE, suggesting atypical BSE as a possible origin of C-BSE in UK.

Presentation Type: Oral Presentation

Funded by: CFIA, Health Canada, Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency, Alberta Prion Research Institute

Grant Number: ALMA/APRI: 201400006, HC 414250


spontaneous/sporadic CJD in 85%+ of all human TSE, or spontaneous BSE in cattle, is a pipe dream, dreamed up by USDA/OIE et al, that has never been proven. let me repeat, NEVER BEEN PROVEN FOR ALL HUMAN OR ANIMAL TSE I.E. ATYPICAL BSE OR SPORADIC CJD! please see;

***Moreover, sporadic disease has never been observed in breeding colonies or primate research laboratories, most notably among hundreds of animals over several decades of study at the National Institutes of Health25, and in nearly twenty older animals continuously housed in our own facility.***

Even if the prevailing view is that sporadic CJD is due to the spontaneous formation of CJD prions, it remains possible that its apparent sporadic nature may, at least in part, result from our limited capacity to identify an environmental origin.


OIE Conclusions on transmissibility of atypical BSE among cattle

Given that cattle have been successfully infected by the oral route, at least for L-BSE, it is reasonable to conclude that atypical BSE is potentially capable of being recycled in a cattle population if cattle are exposed to contaminated feed. In addition, based on reports of atypical BSE from several countries that have not had C-BSE, it appears likely that atypical BSE would arise as a spontaneous disease in any country, albeit at a very low incidence in old cattle. In the presence of livestock industry practices that would allow it to be recycled in the cattle feed chain, it is likely that some level of exposure and transmission may occur. As a result, since atypical BSE can be reasonably considered to pose a potential background level of risk for any country with cattle, the recycling of both classical and atypical strains in the cattle and broader ruminant populations should be avoided.


Annex 7 (contd) AHG on BSE risk assessment and surveillance/March 2019

34 Scientific Commission/September 2019

3. Atypical BSE

The Group discussed and endorsed with minor revisions an overview of relevant literature on the risk of atypical BSE being recycled in a cattle population and its zoonotic potential that had been prepared ahead of the meeting by one expert from the Group. This overview is provided as Appendix IV and its main conclusions are outlined below. With regard to the risk of recycling of atypical BSE, recently published research confirmed that the L-type BSE prion (a type of atypical BSE prion) may be orally transmitted to calves1 . In light of this evidence, and the likelihood that atypical BSE could arise as a spontaneous disease in any country, albeit at a very low incidence, the Group was of the opinion that it would be reasonable to conclude that atypical BSE is potentially capable of being recycled in a cattle population if cattle were to be exposed to contaminated feed. Therefore, the recycling of atypical strains in cattle and broader ruminant populations should be avoided.

4. Definitions of meat-and-bone meal (MBM) and greaves


The L-type BSE prion is much more virulent in primates and in humanized mice than is the classical BSE prion, which suggests the possibility of zoonotic risk associated with the L-type BSE prion


Consumption of L-BSE–contaminated feed may pose a risk for oral transmission of the disease agent to cattle.


Thus, it is imperative to maintain measures that prevent the entry of tissues from cattle possibly infected with the agent of L-BSE into the food chain.


Atypical L-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy (L-BSE) transmission to cynomolgus macaques, a non-human primate

Fumiko Ono 1, Naomi Tase, Asuka Kurosawa, Akio Hiyaoka, Atsushi Ohyama, Yukio Tezuka, Naomi Wada, Yuko Sato, Minoru Tobiume, Ken'ichi Hagiwara, Yoshio Yamakawa, Keiji Terao, Tetsutaro Sata

Affiliations expand

PMID: 21266763

Abstract

A low molecular weight type of atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (L-BSE) was transmitted to two cynomolgus macaques by intracerebral inoculation of a brain homogenate of cattle with atypical BSE detected in Japan. They developed neurological signs and symptoms at 19 or 20 months post-inoculation and were euthanized 6 months after the onset of total paralysis. Both the incubation period and duration of the disease were shorter than those for experimental transmission of classical BSE (C-BSE) into macaques. Although the clinical manifestations, such as tremor, myoclonic jerking, and paralysis, were similar to those induced upon C-BSE transmission, no premonitory symptoms, such as hyperekplexia and depression, were evident. Most of the abnormal prion protein (PrP(Sc)) was confined to the tissues of the central nervous system, as determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The PrP(Sc) glycoform that accumulated in the monkey brain showed a similar profile to that of L-BSE and consistent with that in the cattle brain used as the inoculant. PrP(Sc) staining in the cerebral cortex showed a diffuse synaptic pattern by immunohistochemistry, whereas it accumulated as fine and coarse granules and/or small plaques in the cerebellar cortex and brain stem. Severe spongiosis spread widely in the cerebral cortex, whereas florid plaques, a hallmark of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, were observed in macaques inoculated with C-BSE but not in those inoculated with L-BSE.


see full text;


''H-TYPE BSE AGENT IS TRANSMISSIBLE BY THE ORONASAL ROUTE''

This study demonstrates that the H-type BSE agent is transmissible by the oronasal route. These results reinforce the need for ongoing surveillance for classical and atypical BSE to minimize the risk of potentially infectious tissues entering the animal or human food chains.


Comparing the Distribution of Ovine Classical Scrapie and Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Italy: Spatial and Temporal Associations (2002-2014) 

Aim: This study aims to investigate potential spatial and temporal associations between Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans (2010-2014) and ovine classical scrapie (CS) (2002- 2006) in Italy, serving as a proxy for exposure. 

Results: The analysis of data at the district level revealed no significant association. However, when considering aggregated regional data, all four models consistently indicated a statistically significant positive association, suggesting a higher incidence of the disease in humans as the regional incidence of sheep scrapie increased. 

Conclusions: While the results are intriguing, it is important to acknowledge the inherent limitations of ecological studies. Nevertheless, these findings provide valuable evidence to formulate a hypothesis regarding the zoonotic potential of classical scrapie. Further investigations are necessary, employing specific designs such as analytical epidemiology studies, to test this hypothesis effectively. 


=====

Transmission of Idiopathic human prion disease CJD MM1 to small ruminant mouse models (Tg338 and Tg501). 

Results: No evidence of transmission was found on a first passage in Tg338 nor Tg501ovinized mice, but on second passage, 4/10 Tg338 mice succumbed to CJDMM1 (40% attack rate after 645 dpi) and 1/12 Tg501 mice (519dpi, 10 still alive). The remaining 2nd passages are still ongoing. Conclusions: In this poster, the neuropathological features of the resulting strain are discussed. 


Transmission of scrapie prions to primate after an extended silent incubation period

*** In complement to the recent demonstration that humanized mice are susceptible to scrapie, we report here the first observation of direct transmission of a natural classical scrapie isolate to a macaque after a 10-year incubation period. Neuropathologic examination revealed all of the features of a prion disease: spongiform change, neuronal loss, and accumulation of PrPres throughout the CNS.

*** This observation strengthens the questioning of the harmlessness of scrapie to humans, at a time when protective measures for human and animal health are being dismantled and reduced as c-BSE is considered controlled and being eradicated.

*** Our results underscore the importance of precautionary and protective measures and the necessity for long-term experimental transmission studies to assess the zoonotic potential of other animal prion strains.


***Transmission data also revealed that several scrapie prions propagate in HuPrP-Tg mice with efficiency comparable to that of cattle BSE. While the efficiency of transmission at primary passage was low, subsequent passages resulted in a highly virulent prion disease in both Met129 and Val129 mice.

***Transmission of the different scrapie isolates in these mice leads to the emergence of prion strain phenotypes that showed similar characteristics to those displayed by MM1 or VV2 sCJD prion.

***These results demonstrate that scrapie prions have a zoonotic potential and raise new questions about the possible link between animal and human prions.


***Moreover, sporadic disease has never been observed in breeding colonies or primate research laboratories, most notably among hundreds of animals over several decades of study at the National Institutes of Health25, and in nearly twenty older animals continuously housed in our own facility.***

Even if the prevailing view is that sporadic CJD is due to the spontaneous formation of CJD prions, it remains possible that its apparent sporadic nature may, at least in part, result from our limited capacity to identify an environmental origin.



O.05: Transmission of prions to primates after extended silent incubation periods: Implications for BSE and scrapie risk assessment in human populations 

*** We recently observed the direct transmission of a natural classical scrapie isolate to macaque after a 10-year silent incubation period, 

***with features similar to some reported for human cases of sporadic CJD, albeit requiring fourfold long incubation than BSE. Scrapie, as recently evoked in humanized mice (Cassard, 2014), 

***is the third potentially zoonotic PD (with BSE and L-type BSE), 

***thus questioning the origin of human sporadic cases. 

============== 

PRION 2015 CONFERENCE


PRION 2016 TOKYO

Saturday, April 23, 2016

SCRAPIE WS-01: Prion diseases in animals and zoonotic potential 2016

Prion. 10:S15-S21. 2016 ISSN: 1933-6896 1933-690X 

WS-01: Prion diseases in animals and zoonotic potential

Transmission of the different scrapie isolates in these mice leads to the emergence of prion strain phenotypes that showed similar characteristics to those displayed by MM1 or VV2 sCJD prion. 

These results demonstrate that scrapie prions have a zoonotic potential and raise new questions about the possible link between animal and human prions. 


Tuesday, December 16, 2014 

Evidence for zoonotic potential of ovine scrapie prions Hervé Cassard,1, n1 Juan-Maria Torres,2, n1 Caroline Lacroux,1, Jean-Yves Douet,1, Sylvie L. Benestad,3, Frédéric Lantier,4, Séverine Lugan,1, Isabelle Lantier,4, Pierrette Costes,1, Naima Aron,1, Fabienne Reine,5, Laetitia Herzog,5, Juan-Carlos Espinosa,2, Vincent Beringue5, & Olivier Andréoletti1, Affiliations Contributions Corresponding author Journal name: Nature Communications 

Volume: 5, Article number: 5821 DOI: doi:10.1038/ncomms6821 Received 07 August 2014 Accepted 10 November 2014 Published 16 December 2014 

Abstract 

Although Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is the cause of variant Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans, the zoonotic potential of scrapie prions remains unknown. Mice genetically engineered to overexpress the human​prion protein (tgHu) have emerged as highly relevant models for gauging the capacity of prions to transmit to humans. These models can propagate human prions without any apparent transmission barrier and have been used used to confirm the zoonotic ability of BSE. Here we show that a panel of sheep scrapie prions transmit to several tgHu mice models with an efficiency comparable to that of cattle BSE. 

***The serial transmission of different scrapie isolates in these mice led to the propagation of prions that are phenotypically identical to those causing sporadic CJD (sCJD) in humans. 

***These results demonstrate that scrapie prions have a zoonotic potential and raise new questions about the possible link between animal and human prions. 

Subject terms: Biological sciences• Medical research At a glance


why do we not want to do TSE transmission studies on chimpanzees $ 5. A positive result from a chimpanzee challenged severly would likely create alarm in some circles even if the result could not be interpreted for man. I have a view that all these agents could be transmitted provided a large enough dose by appropriate routes was given and the animals kept long enough. Until the mechanisms of the species barrier are more clearly understood it might be best to retain that hypothesis. 

snip... R. BRADLEY 


1: J Infect Dis 1980 Aug;142(2):205-8 

Oral transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie to nonhuman primates

Gibbs CJ Jr, Amyx HL, Bacote A, Masters CL, Gajdusek DC. 

Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease of humans and scrapie disease of sheep and goats were transmitted to squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) that were exposed to the infectious agents only by their nonforced consumption of known infectious tissues. The asymptomatic incubation period in the one monkey exposed to the virus of kuru was 36 months; that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was 23 and 27 months, respectively; and that in the two monkeys exposed to the virus of scrapie was 25 and 32 months, respectively. Careful physical examination of the buccal cavities of all of the monkeys failed to reveal signs or oral lesions. One additional monkey similarly exposed to kuru has remained asymptomatic during the 39 months that it has been under observation. 

snip... 

The successful transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie by natural feeding to squirrel monkeys that we have reported provides further grounds for concern that scrapie-infected meat may occasionally give rise in humans to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. PMID: 6997404


Recently the question has again been brought up as to whether scrapie is transmissible to man. This has followed reports that the disease has been transmitted to primates. One particularly lurid speculation (Gajdusek 1977) conjectures that the agents of scrapie, kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and transmissible encephalopathy of mink are varieties of a single "virus". The U.S. Department of Agriculture concluded that it could "no longer justify or permit scrapie-blood line and scrapie-exposed sheep and goats to be processed for human or animal food at slaughter or rendering plants" (ARC 84/77)" The problem is emphasised by the finding that some strains of scrapie produce lesions identical to the once which characterise the human dementias" Whether true or not. the hypothesis that these agents might be transmissible to man raises two considerations. First, the safety of laboratory personnel requires prompt attention. Second, action such as the "scorched meat" policy of USDA makes the solution of the acrapie problem urgent if the sheep industry is not to suffer grievously. snip... 76/10.12/4.6 


 Nature. 1972 Mar 10;236(5341):73-4. 

Transmission of scrapie to the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) 

Gibbs CJ Jr, Gajdusek DC. Nature 236, 73 - 74 (10 March 1972); doi:10.1038/236073a0 

Transmission of Scrapie to the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis) 

C. J. GIBBS jun. & D. C. GAJDUSEK National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 

SCRAPIE has been transmitted to the cynomolgus, or crab-eating, monkey (Macaca fascicularis) with an incubation period of more than 5 yr from the time of intracerebral inoculation of scrapie-infected mouse brain. The animal developed a chronic central nervous system degeneration, with ataxia, tremor and myoclonus with associated severe scrapie-like pathology of intensive astroglial hypertrophy and proliferation, neuronal vacuolation and status spongiosus of grey matter. The strain of scrapie virus used was the eighth passage in Swiss mice (NIH) of a Compton strain of scrapie obtained as ninth intracerebral passage of the agent in goat brain, from Dr R. L. Chandler (ARC, Compton, Berkshire).





Prion 2023 CJD TSE Prion

Title: Diagnostic Journey of Patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) in the United States: A RealWorld Evidence Study

Author list: Duncan Brown1 , Emily Kutrieb2 , Montserrat Vera Llonch1 , Rob Pulido1 , Anne Smith1 , Derek Weycker2 , Ellen Dukes2 , Brian S Appleby3-5

Affiliations: 1 Ionis Pharmaceuticals; 2Policy Analysis Inc. (PAI); 3National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center; 4Case Western Reserve University; 5University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center

Aims: Identification of clinical symptoms leading to a diagnosis of CJD from real-world evidence is limited. A new study using a United States (US) healthcare claims database was thus undertaken to address this evidence gap.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort design and the Merative MarketScan Database (01/2012-12/2020) were employed. The study population comprised adults aged ≥18 years with ≥1 inpatient diagnosis or ≥2 outpatient diagnoses (≥3 days apart) of CJD, magnetic resonance imaging of the head or lumbar puncture, and no evidence of selected neurologic conditions after the last CJD diagnosis. Patients without healthcare coverage during the 12-month pre-diagnosis period were excluded; alternative pre-diagnosis periods (spanning 24 and 36 months, respectively) were also explored. Diagnostic journey was detailed based on diagnosis codes for selected symptoms and neurologic conditions during the pre-diagnosis period.

Results: Among the 61.8 million persons in the source population from 01/2013-12/2019, 215 CJD patients qualified for inclusion in the study population. CJD patients first presented with symptoms consistent with the diagnosis 5.0 (SD=4.0) months, on average, before the initial CJD diagnosis, and 80% had ≥3 symptoms, most commonly altered mental status (82%), gait/coordination disturbance (60%), and malaise/fatigue (44%). Most patients (63%) also had ≥1 differential (neurologic) diagnosis leading to the CJD diagnosis, most commonly cerebrovascular disease (49%), peripheral vertigo (11%), and Alzheimer’s disease (7%); mean duration from first differential diagnosis to initial CJD diagnosis was 2.4 (SD=3.1) months.

Conclusions: Study findings suggest that, in US clinical practice, CJD patients present with one or more clinical symptoms impacting motor, cognitive or other domains, and many are initially mis-diagnosed, prolonging the diagnostic journey. CJD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of those with rapidly progressing dementia or motor disturbance.

Funded by: Ionis Pharmaceuticals

Grant number: N/A

Acknowledgment: XXX


"Study findings suggest that, in US clinical practice, CJD patients present with one or more clinical symptoms impacting motor, cognitive or other domains, and many are initially mis-diagnosed, prolonging the diagnostic journey."

22 years ago;

2001 Singeltary on CJD

February 14, 2001

Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Terry S. Singeltary, Sr

Author Affiliations

JAMA. 2001;285(6):733-734. doi:10-1001/pubs.JAMA-ISSN-0098-7484-285-6-jlt0214 

To the Editor: In their Research Letter, Dr Gibbons and colleagues1 reported that the annual US death rate due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has been stable since 1985. These estimates, however, are based only on reported cases, and do not include misdiagnosed or preclinical cases. It seems to me that misdiagnosis alone would drastically change these figures. An unknown number of persons with a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease in fact may have CJD, although only a small number of these patients receive the postmortem examination necessary to make this diagnosis. Furthermore, only a few states have made CJD reportable. Human and animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies should be reportable nationwide and internationally.



SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 26, 2023 

The role of environmental factors on sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease mortality: evidence from an age-period-cohort analysis


Professor John Collinge on tackling prion diseases, sCJD accounts for around 1 in 5000 deaths worldwide

MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2023 

Professor John Collinge on tackling prion diseases “The best-known human prion disease is sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), a rapidly progressive dementia which accounts for around 1 in 5000 deaths worldwide.” There is accumulating evidence also for iatrogenic AD. Understanding prion biology, and in particular how propagation of prions leads to neurodegeneration, is therefore of central research importance in medicine.



TUESDAY, MAY 11, 2021

A Unique Presentation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a Patient Consuming Deer Antler Velvet

Conclusion

We believe that our patient’s case of CJD is highly suspicious for cervid etiology given the circumstances of the case as well as the strong evidence of plausibility reported in published literature. This is the first known case of CJD in a patient who had consumed deer antler velvet. Despite the confirmed diagnosis of CJD, a causal relationship between the patient’s disease and his consumption of deer antler velvet cannot be definitively concluded.

Supplemental data including molecular tissue sample analysis and autopsy findings could yield further supporting evidence. Given this patient’s clinical resemblance to CBD and the known histological similarities of CBD with CJD, clinicians should consider both diseases in the differential diagnosis of patients with a similarly esoteric presentation. Regardless of the origin of this patient’s disease, it is clear that the potential for prion transmission from cervids to humans should be further investigated by the academic community with considerable urgency.


''We believe that our patient’s case of CJD is highly suspicious for cervid etiology given the circumstances of the case as well as the strong evidence of plausibility reported in published literature. This is the first known case of CJD in a patient who had consumed deer antler velvet. Despite the confirmed diagnosis of CJD, a causal relationship between the patient’s disease and his consumption of deer antler velvet cannot be definitively concluded.''


CREUTZFELDT JAKOB DISEASE: A Unique Presentation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a Patient Consuming Deer Antler Velvet

i was warning England and the BSE Inquiry about just this, way back in 1998, and was ask to supply information to the BSE Inquiry. for anyone that might be interested, see;

Singeltary submission to the BSE Inquiry on CJD and Nutritional Supplements 1998

ABOUT that deer antler spray and CWD TSE PRION... I have been screaming this since my neighbors mom died from cjd, and she had been taking a supplement that contained bovine brain, bovine eyeball, and other SRMs specified risk materials, the most high risk for mad cow disease. just saying...

I made a submission to the BSE Inquiry long ago during the BSE Inquiry days, and they seemed pretty interested.

Sender: "Patricia Cantos"

To: "Terry S Singeltary Sr. (E-mail)"

Subject: Your submission to the Inquiry

Date: Fri, 3 Jul 1998 10:10:05 +0100 3 July 1998

Mr Terry S Singeltary Sr. E-Mail: Flounder at wt.net Ref: E2979

Dear Mr Singeltary, Thank you for your E-mail message of the 30th of June 1998 providing the Inquiry with your further comments. Thank you for offering to provide the Inquiry with any test results on the nutritional supplements your mother was taking before she died. As requested I am sending you our general Information Pack and a copy of the Chairman's letter. Please contact me if your system cannot read the attachments. Regarding your question, the Inquiry is looking into many aspects of the scientific evidence on BSE and nvCJD.

I would refer you to the transcripts of evidence we have already heard which are found on our internet site at ;

http://www.bse.org.uk.

Could you please provide the Inquiry with a copy of the press article you refer to in your e-mail? If not an approximate date for the article so that we can locate it? In the meantime, thank you for you comments. Please do not hesitate to contact me on... snip...end...tss

everyone I tell this too gets it screwed up...MY MOTHER WAS NOT TAKING THOSE SUPPLEMENTS IPLEX (that I ever knew of). this was my neighbors mother that died exactly one year previously and to the day of sporadic CJD that was diagnosed as Alzheimer’s at first. my mother died exactly a year later from the Heidenhain Variant of Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease hvCJD, and exceedingly rare strains of the ever growing sporadic CJD’s. both cases confirmed. ...

kind regards, terry

TSEs i.e. mad cow disease's BSE/BASE and NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS IPLEX, mad by standard process; vacuum dried bovine BRAIN, bone meal, bovine EYE, veal Bone, bovine liver powder, bovine adrenal, vacuum dried bovine kidney, and vacuum dried porcine stomach. also; what about potential mad cow candy bars ? see their potential mad cow candy bar list too... THESE are just a few of MANY of just this ONE COMPANY...TSS

''So, in sum, dietary supplements sold in the United States often contain ruminant tissues from undisclosed sources. Personally, I am rather squeamish and I don't think I would be eating prostate or testicle or pituitary, but I am also a little bit wary of consuming products with those glands, not just out of personal repugnance but simply out of a health concern.'' 

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION CENTER FOR BIOLOGICS EVALUATION AND RESEARCH TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES ADVISORY COMMITTEE Friday, January 19, 2001

snip...

15 Open Public Hearing

16 DR. FREAS: We are opening the open public hearing

17 now. We have received one response to speak in this

18 afternoon's open public hearing. That is from Dr. Scott

19 Norton. If Dr. Norton is here, would you please come

20 forward. You can either use the podium or the microphone,

21 whichever is your choice.

22 DR. NORTON: I am Scott Norton and I am a

23 physician in the Washington D.C. area. I am here speaking

24 as a private citizen today.

25 I first became concerned about the presence of 231

1 tissues from ruminant animals in dietary supplements about

2 six months ago and expressed my concern in a letter that was 3 published in New England Journal of Medicine in July of Year 4 2000. 5 A couple of the products that I had looked at, and 6 examined their labels, that raised these concerns I brought 7 in right here. I will just read some of the organs that are 8 found in one that is called Male Power. Deer antler, 9 pancreas, orchic--despite what we just heard that the FDA

10 prefers the term "testicular tissue" to be written on the

11 labels, I have never seen a dietary supplement say

12 "testicle." They always say "orchis" or "orchic" which may

13 sound rather flowery to the etymologically impaired--thymus,

14 adrenal, heart, lymph node, prostate, spleen and pituitary.

15 There are actually seventeen organs in that particular

16 product.

17 There is another product that is called Brain

18 Nutrition that tells us that it is vitamins and minerals

19 essential for important brain function. It does not mention

20 that there is any glandulars on at least the bold print. 21 But if you look at the small print on the back, we learn

22 that it has brain extract and pituitary extract, raw, in

23 there.

24 We know that many of the organs that can be found

25 in the dietary supplements do fall in that list of organs

232

1 that are suspect for contamination with TSEs, the labels, in 2 nearly all cases, identify neither the animal source nor the 3 geographic location from which the organs were derived. I 4 have seen one line that did specify from New Zealand cattle 5 but no other manufacturer will list either the species or 6 the geographic location. 7 The FDA's and the USDA's import alerts that we 8 just learned about prohibit the use of these organs in 9 foods, medicines and medical devices. But my reading of the

10 alert, 17-04, suggests that DSHEA does allow some loopholes

11 for these tissues to possible slip in.

12 I will just read from 17-04 that we heard. On the

13 first page, it says that, "This alert does not establish any

14 obligations on regulated entities." I love seeing

15 legislation that starts out with that caveat.

16 Then it says, further, "The USDA regulations do

17 not apply to bovine-derived materials intended for human

18 consumption as finished dietary supplements." We also learn

19 that the prohibition, or the import alert, is limited to

20 bulk lots of these tissues, completed tissues, from BSE-

21 derived countries. It does not mention if it is not a bulk

22 import or if it is raw materials rather than finished

23 materials.

24 Further, we know that it is strongly recommended

25 but not actually prohibited in the language here. So I have

233

1 not taken the assurances from that import alert that Dr. 2 Moore was trying to convey to us. 3 So, in sum, dietary supplements sold in the United 4 States often contain ruminant tissues from undisclosed 5 sources. Personally, I am rather squeamish and I don't 6 think I would be eating prostate or testicle or pituitary, 7 but I am also a little bit wary of consuming products with 8 those glands, not just out of personal repugnance but simply 9 out of a health concern.

10 So my question to the advisory committee is this;

11 is my caution reasonable and, if it is, should we take

12 further efforts to inform, or even protect, the American

13 public from such exposure.

14 I was curious about Dr. Moore's remarks. I sensed

15 two messages. One was the initial reassurance that FDA has

16 the regulatory authority but then I also learned that it is

17 the manufacturer's responsibility to provide those 18 assurances, that the FDA doesn't actually inspect.

19 I think that the FDA commissioners from Harvey

20 Wylie to David Kessler would say that that track record has

21 proven itself.

22 Thank you very much.

23 [Applause.]

24 DR. BROWN: Thanks, Dr. Norton. 25 Committee Discussion snip...

17 But I think that we could exhibit some quite 18 reasonable concern about blood donors who are taking dietary 19 supplements that contain a certain amount of unspecified- 20 origin brain, brain-related, brain and pituitary material. 21 If they have done this for more than a sniff or something 22 like that, then, perhaps, they should be deferred as blood 23 donors. 24 That is probably worse than spending six months in 25 the U.K. 1/19/01 3681t2.rtf(845) page 501 http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/cber01.htm

Advisory Committees: CBER 2001 Meeting Documents

see actual paper;




Given the science and the information presented, and given the comprehensive array of Natraflex quality control and chain-of-custody procedures, we believe that you can be confident, the our velvet-antler supplements are safe.



Date: Sun, 12 Jan 2003 12:56:44 -0600

Sender: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."

Subject: Re: USA ruminant-to-ruminant feed ban warning letters ??? 

snip...end...tss

2004 video

Jeff Swann and his Mom, cwd link... sporadic CJD?, CBC NEWS Jeff Schwan sCJD, CWD, and Professor Aguzzi on BSE and sporadic CJD 

????: CBCnews


1997 nvCJD video


Friday, October 20, 2023 

An investigation has been opened into the death of a scientist who was studying a transmissible and deadly disease CJD in Spain 


MOM DOD 12/14/97 CONFIRMED HEIDENHAIN VARIANT CREUTZFELDT JAKOB DISEASE hvCJD, just made a promise to MOM, never forget, never let them forget, SHOW ME THE TRANSMISSION STUDIES!

Terry S. Singeltary Sr., Bacliff, Texas USA 77518, flounder9@verizon.net

THURSDAY, DECEMBER 7, 2023 

Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Cervid Update By State December 2023 Long Version


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