W.H.O. T.S.E. PRION Blood products and related biologicals May 2011

Blood products and related biologicals



Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) The appearance of a variant form of human Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) in the mid-1990s, as a result of the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) epidemic in the United Kingdom, has increased the profile of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies as a risk to human health and has already affected public health policy worldwide. It is assumed that the variant CJD (vCJD) results from the consumption of meat products from cattle infected with BSE and that there is a relation of the incidence of vCJD to the incidence of BSE in the countries where the disease has occurred. Since 1996, over 140 cases of vCJD have occurred in UK, seven in France and one each in Ireland, Italy, USA and Canada.


Policies related to vCJD and the potential risk of human to human transmission are based on three main factors:


an unknown number of individuals who might be infected with the BSE agent;


presence of the pathological prion protein in many peripheral tissues from vCJD terminal patients and


evidence of experimental transmission in animals from blood of rodents and sheep infected with vCJD and BSE respectively.



There is increasing concern about the troubling possibility that blood or blood products, vaccines and other pharmaceutical products could spread the agent of variant CJD (vCJD) worldwide, especially in countries where BSE has not yet been reported. Bovine derived materials involved in the production of vaccines and other pharmaceutical products could represent a way of potential transmission of the disease. Moreover, the possibility that human blood and plasma could be a vehicle for the transmission and spread of the disease have led to a number of donor deferral policies aimed at minimizing the risk of accepting a blood donor who might be incubating the human form of BSE. In addition, blood fractionated products such as albumin are used as stabilizers in the production of vaccines and recombinant pharmaceutical products. There is, therefore, a need to ensure that regulatory authorities with limited resources can have reliable information when making their risk assessment and evaluation of product safety to prevent the transmission of TSE to human via biological and pharmaceutical products.


A WHO Consultation was held in February 2003 to update the WHO Recommendations on Medicinal Products in relation to Human TSEs which were prepared in 1997, following a WHO Consultation on the same subject.


This Consultation complemented other important efforts of WHO in the follow up of the scientific and epidemiological developments in TSEs such as the Joint WHO/FAO/OIE Technical Consultation on BSE organized by the WHO Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response (CSR) and the activities of the “Working Group on International Reference Materials for Diagnosis and Study of TSEs”, established in 1999 as a scientific forum to advance development of diagnostic tests based on available research methods and their application in health technology and pharmaceuticals.


The primary aim of this Consultation was to provide evidence-based information to medicines regulatory authorities of Member States, specially to those where BSE has not yet been reported, with regard to risk assessment, precautionary and control measures of medicinal products.


The Recommendations of the Consultation form the basis of the WHO Guidance Document to support regulatory decisions by National Regulatory Authorities in developing countries. Based on scientific information available, a tissue infectivity category was developed for the first time, that serves as a global basis for the development of risk assessment models for biological and pharmaceutical products derived from human or animal tissues or body fluids in relation to the transmission of TSE agents.


Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease reagents


WHO Reference Reagents for In Vitro Assays of CJD Specimens. ECBS 2003. WHO/BS/03.1965 Rev.1 pdf, 127kb Catalogue of WHO International Reference Materials (for CJD specimens see Miscellaneous) Distribution of WHO International Reference Materials The characteristics of all reference preparations as well as the information regarding establishment can be found in the WHO Reference Material section.


Related documents WHO Guidelines on Tissue Infectivity Distribution in TSEs 2006 pdf, 638kb Report on International Reference Materials for Diagnosis and Study of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs). Working group fourth meeting, Geneva, Switzerland (April 2002) pdf, 99kb Report on International Reference Materials for Diagnosis and Study of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs). Working group third meeting, Geneva, Switzerland (March 2001) pdf, 81kb Report on International Reference Materials for Diagnosis and Study of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs). Working group second meeting, Geneva, Switzerland (May 2000) pdf, 86kb Report on International Reference Materials for Diagnosis and Study of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs). Working group first meeting, Geneva, Switzerland (Sep 1999) pdf, 62kb Report on WHO Consultation on Diagnostic Procedures for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs): Need for Reference Reagents and Reference Panels. Geneva, Switzerland (March 1999) pdf, 77kb Related links




http://www.who.int/bloodproducts/tse/en/





The documents below were provided by Terry S. Singeltary Sr on 8 May 2000.

They are optically character read (scanned into computer) and so may contain typos and unreadable parts.

TIP740203/l 0424 CONFIDENTIAL

snip...

The responses by the companies were presented by Ms Turner and were categorised by MCA standards, the products that were discussed were all low volume usage products eg sutures, heart valves.

8. As the responses included some materials of human origin it was decided that more information should be sought about CJD. There had been 2 recent deaths reported associated with human growth hormone. These were being investigated.

snip...

http://www.mad-cow.org/00/may00_news.html#aaa




5.3.3 The greatest risk, in theory, would be from parenteral injection of material derived from bovine brain or lymphoid tissue. Medicinal products for injection or surgical implantation which are prepared from bovine tissues, or which utilise bovine serum albumin or similar agents in their manufacture, might also be capable of transmitting infectious agents. All medicinal products are licensed under the Medicines Act by the Licensing Authority following guidance, for example from the Committee on Safety of Medicines (CSM), the Committee on Dental and Surgical Materials (CDSM) and their subcommittees. The Licensing Authority have been alerted to potential concern about BSE in medicinal products and will ensure that scrutiny of source materials and manufacturing processes now takes account of BSE agent.

see all 76 pages ;



http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102132706/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ib/ibd1/tab02.pdf





EXPORT OF BRITISH BIOLOGICAL PHARMACEUTICALS...

snip...please see full text ;

Sunday, January 30, 2011

Vaccines and Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy the Prion Disease, what if ?

COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE



http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/01/vaccines-and-transmissible-spongiform.html




Saturday, February 26, 2011

Supreme Court Protects Vaccine Manufacturers, Not Injured Children there from Bruesewitz vs Wyeth



http://vcjdtransfusion.blogspot.com/2011/02/supreme-court-protects-vaccine.html





Sunday, May 18, 2008 MAD COW DISEASE BSE CJD CHILDREN VACCINES Sunday, May 18, 2008

MAD COW DISEASE BSE CJD CHILDREN VACCINES

TIP740203/l 0424 CONFIDENTIAL




http://bseinquiry.blogspot.com/2008/05/mad-cow-disease-bse-cjd-children.html





Saturday, April 30, 2011

Blood product, collected from a donor who was at risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), was distributed APRIL 27, 2011



http://vcjdtransfusion.blogspot.com/2011/04/blood-product-collected-from-donor-who.html




Saturday, March 5, 2011

MAD COW ATYPICAL CJD PRION TSE CASES WITH CLASSIFICATIONS PENDING ON THE RISE IN NORTH AMERICA



http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/mad-cow-atypical-cjd-prion-tse-cases.html






TSS