with typical c-type BSE, horizontal transmission of this strain is
supposedly very low.
with atypical L-type BASE BSE, that's another question, one that has not
been answered yet, but one that should be taken very seriously.
then you have the CWD strains in cervids and scrapie strains. once these
strains mutate, become more virulent, such as with the atypical L-type BASE BSE,
then there should be much more concern for this type transmission.
Vertical Transmission of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Prions Evaluated in a Transgenic Mouse Model
- J. Castilla1,
- A. Brun1,
- F. Díaz-San Segundo1,
- F. J. Salguero1,
- A. Gutiérrez-Adán2,
- B. Pintado2,
- M. A. Ramírez2,
- L. del Riego1, and
- J. M. Torres1,*
+ Author
Affiliations
ABSTRACT
In this work we show evidence of
mother-to-offspring transmission in a transgenic mouse line expressing bovine PrP (boTg) experimentally infected by
intracerebral administration of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) prions.
PrPres was detected in brains of newborns from infected mothers only
when mating was allowed near to the clinical stage of disease, when brain
PrPres deposition could be detected by Western blot analysis.
Attempts to detect infectivity in milk after intracerebral inoculation in boTg
mice were unsuccessful, suggesting the involvement of other tissues as carriers
of prion dissemination. The results shown here prove the ability of BSE prions
to spread centrifugally from the central nervous system to peripheral tissues
and to offspring in a mouse model. Also, these results may complement previous
epidemiological data supporting the occurrence of vertical BSE transmission in
cattle.
FOOTNOTES
- Received 4 November 2004.
- Accepted 3 March 2005.
- ↵*Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal INIA, Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain. Phone: 34 91 620 23 00. Fax: 34 91 620 22 47. E-mail: jmtorres@inia.es.
- American Society for Microbiology
Envt.18: Mother to Offspring Transmission of Chronic Wasting
Disease
Candace K. Mathiason,
†
Amy Nalls, Kelly Anderson, Jeanette
Hayes-Klug, Jenny G. Powers, Nicholas J. Haley and Edward
A. Hoover
Colorado State University; Fort Collins, CO
USA
†Presenting author; Email: ckm@lamar.colostate.edu
We have developed a new cervid model in small Asian muntjac
deer (
Muntiacus reevesi) to study
potential modes of vertical transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) from
mother to offspring. Eight of eight (8/8) muntjac doe orally infected with CWD
tested PrPCWD lymphoid positive by four months post infection. Ten fawns were
born to these CWD-infected doe— four of the fawns were viable, five were
non-viable and one was a first trimester fetus harvested from a CWD-infected doe
euthanized at end-stage disease. The viable fawns have been monitored for CWD
infection by immunohistochemistry and sPMCA performed on serial tonsil and
rectal lymphoid tissue biopsies. PrPCWD has been detected in one fawn by IHC as
early as 40 days of age. Moreover, sPMCA performed on rectal lymphoid tissue has
yielded positive results on another fawn at ten days of age. In addition, sPMCA
assays have demonstrated amplifiable prions in fetal placental or spleen tissue
of three non-viable fawns and mammary tissue of the dams.
Additional pregnancy related fluids and tissues from the doe as well as tissue from the nonviable fawns are currently being probed for the presence of CWD. In summary, we have employed the muntjac deer model, to demonstrate for the first time the transmission of CWD from mother to offspring. These studies provide the foundation to investigate the mechanisms and pathways of maternal prion transfer.
===========================
PPo3-18: A Possible Case of Maternal Transmission of the BSE
Agent within Captive Cheetah Affected with Feline Spongiform
Encephalopathy
Anna Bencsik, Sabine Debeer, Thierry Petit and Thierry
Baron
Afssa; Unité ATNC; Lyon, France; Zoo de la Palmyre; Les Mathes,
France
Key words:
BSE, FSE,
vertical transmission
Introduction.
Feline spongiform
encephalopathy (FSE) is considered to be related to bovine spongiform
encephalopathy (BSE). It has been reported in domestic cats as well as in
captive wild cats including cheetahs, first in the United Kingdom (UK) and then
in other European countries. In France, several cases were described in cheetahs
either imported from UK or born in France. Here we report details of two other
FSE cases in captive cheetah. These cases are of particular interest since the
2nd case of FSE in a cheetah born in France, appears most likely due to maternal
transmission.1
Results.
Complete PrPd
study showed the close likeness between the two cheetah cases. The TgOvPrP4
mouse brains infected with cattle BSE and cheetah FSE revealed similar vacuolar
lesion profiles, PrPd brain mapping with occurrence of typical florid
plaques.
Materials and Methods.
Using
immunohistochemistry (IHC), pathological form of PrP(PrPd) was analyzed in the
brains and peripheral organs of these two cheetahs. Transmission studies to the
TgOvPrP4 mouse line were also performed, for comparison with the transmission of
cattle BSE. Lesion profiles of the infected transgenic mice were analyzed as
well as type and brain distribution of PrPd.
Conclusion.
Collectively,
these data indicate that both FSE cases harbor the same strain of agent as the
cattle BSE agent. Because this is most probably a case of maternal transmission
of the disease, this new observation may have some impact on our knowledge of
vertical transmission of BSE agent-linked TSEs such as in human variant
Creutzfeldt Jakob disease.
References
1. Bencsik et al. PLoS One 2009; 4:6929.
=========================
PPo3-40: Mother to Offspring Transmission of Chronic Wasting
Disease
Candace K. Mathiason, Amy V. Nalls, Kelly Anderson, Jeanette
Hayes-Klug, Nicholas Haley and Edward A. Hoover
Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology,
Immunology and Pathology, Fort Collins, CO USA
Key words: Chronic wasting disease, vertical transmission,
muntjac deer
We have developed a new cervid model in small Asian muntjac
deer (Muntiacus reevesi) to study potential modes of vertical transmission of
chronic wasting disease (CWD) from mother to offspring. Eight of eight (8/8)
muntjac doe orally infected with CWD tested PrPCWD lymphoid positive by 4 months
post infection. Six fawns were born to these CWD-infected doe. Six fawns were
born to 6 CWD-infected doe; 4 of the fawns were non-viable. The viable fawns
have been monitored for CWD infection by immunohistochemistry and sPMCA
performed on serial tonsil and rectal lymphoid tissue biopsies. PrPCWD has been
detected in one fawn as early as 40 days of age. Moreover, sPMCA performed on
rectal lymphoid tissue has yield positive results on another fawn at 10 days of
age. In addition, sPMCA assays have also demonstrated amplifiable prions in
maternal placental (caruncule) and mammary tissue of the dam.
Additional pregnancy related fluids and tissues from the doe as well as tissue from the nonviable fawns are currently being probed for the presence of CWD. In summary, we have employed the muntjac deer model, to demonstrate for the first time the transmission of CWD from mother to offspring. These studies provide the foundation to investigate the mechanisms and pathways of maternal prion transfer.
PRION 2011
landesbioscience.com
International Prion Congress: From agent to diseaseSeptember 8–11, 2010Salzburg, Austria
=============================
Executive Summary
|
7. The
executive summary must not exceed 2 sides in total of A4 and should be
understandable to the intelligent non-scientist.
It should cover the main objectives, methods
and findings of the research, together with any other significant events and
options for new work.
The purpose of this study was to
investigate whether sheep, of various PrP genotypes, experimentally infected
with BSE could transmit the disease to their offspring. The genotypes of the
ewes were chosen as most susceptible (AQ/AQ) through to least susceptible
(AR/AR) when challenged orally with BSE. A number of unchallenged ewes were mixed with
these sheep to monitor for adventitious lateral transmission of
disease.
The sheep were NPU Cheviots which
do not always show BSE clinical signs after experimental challenge.Offspring
therefore fell into three groups: those from mothers that did develop clinical
BSE, those from challenged ewes which
remained healthy, and those from control unchallenged ewes.
Over the course of the study the
ewes produced eight lamb crops and a total of 144 lambs which were observed for
at least 5 years. The lambs were grouped together based on gender while the
parturient ewes were mixed together just prior to and after lambing. Ewes were
penned separately during the perinatal phase.
At weaning the lambs joined the larger groups of lambs.
None of the 144 lambs showed any
evidence of contracting BSE from the experimentally dosed sheep, however, two
sheep plus one of the unchallenged control ewes did have pathology and PrPSc Western
blotting pattern which were indicative of atypical scrapie.
Our results (statistically
analysed) suggest that maternal transmission of BSE under the experimental
conditions of this study could only occur in NPU Cheviots at a maximum rate less
than 28%. However, a further study in sheep (Bellworthy et al 2005) showed that
natural transmission of BSE was possible within an experimental flock under
certain circumstances although within the 28% margin found in the present
study. Studies in goats with BSE (Foster
et al 1999) showed a maximum possible transmission rate of 5% while cattle
studies (Wilesmith et al 1997) have suggested a rate no higher that 10%.
Taken together these studies
provide good evidence that should BSE
have infected sheep, it is unlikely to have be maintained within the population
by the maternal transmission route.
|
http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Default.aspx?Menu=Menu&Module=More&Location=None&Completed=0&ProjectID=6168
see USDA et al failed attempt to track down previous herd and birth cohorts of BSE cases...
Thursday, November 17, 2011
International cattle ID and traceability:
Competitive implications for the US
Food Policy Volume 37, Issue 1, February 2012,
Pages 31-40
SEE MORE HERE ON THE POTENTIAL FOR VERTICAL TRANSMISSION WITH TSE PRION DISEASE ;
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/12/is-there-evidence-of-vertical.html
spontaneous mutation is a myth. never proven for any natural field case of
bse. it's one of three hypothesis put forward by scientist, and the spontaneous
mutation theory is at the bottom of the list. sporadic and or spontaneous CJD,
which is 85%+ of all CJD, simply means from 'unknown source/origin'. it does NOT
mean that 85%+ of all CJD i.e. sporadic/sponaneous just happens from a bad
funked out twisted the wrong way protein. atypical L-type BSE or BASE, has been
linked to sporadic CJD. it's looking more and more like a link from the L-type
atypical BSE to the Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy TME. that would mean
L-type BASE BSE would have been in North America for decades. the lies about the
feed not being a source for atypical mad cow disease is just that, lies. a day
or two before the 4th mad cow, I put out an update on Canada BSE and Canada CJD
in two links. see at the bottom...terry
America's Mad Cow crisis by John Stauber
Wednesday, April 25, 2012
America's Mad Cow Crisis by John Stauber
Wednesday, April 25, 2012
4th MAD COW DISEASE U.S.A. CALIFORNIA ATYPICAL L-TYPE BSE 2012
Monday, April 23, 2012
CREUTZFELDT JAKOB DISEASE CJD HUMAN TSE CANADA UPDATE 2012
Monday, April 23, 2012
BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY BSE CJD TSE PRION DISEASE UPDATE CANADA
2012
Wednesday, April 25, 2012
USA MAD COW DISEASE AND CJD THERE FROM SINGELTARY ET AL 1999 – 2012
kind regards,
terry
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