Iatrogenic prion diseases in humans: an update
Gorka Barrenetxea Affiliations Tel.: +34 4396062; fax: +34 4395424. Quiron
Bilbao, Assisted Reproduction Center, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko
Unibertsitatea, Ribera Botica Vieja 23, 48014 Bilbao, Spain
Received 8 January 2012; received in revised form 2 July 2012; accepted 8
August 2012. published online 24 August 2012. Uncorrected Proof
Abstract
Although Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) was first identified in 1920,
prevention of transmission raised particular concern all over the world when a
new variant of the disease was first described in 1996. There is good evidence
of iatrogenic transmission of this new variant among human beings through blood,
blood components, tissues and growth hormone. Furthermore, four cases of
iatrogenic transmission of CJD through fertility treatment with human
pituitary-derived gonadotrophins have been reported.
It is important to distinguish the categories of infectivity and categories
of risk, which require consideration not only of the level of infectivity of a
given tissue or fluid, but also the amount of tissue/fluid to which a person is
exposed, the duration of exposure and the route by which infection is
transmitted.
The potential presence and infectivity of prion proteins in human urinary
gonadotrophin preparations is a matter of debate. Differences in the sensitivity
of bioassay methods are of paramount importance when considering the infectivity
of a tissue. Some new methods might detect small amounts of agent in some
tissues currently thought to be free of infectivity.
No cases of human prion disease due to the use of urinary gonadotrophins
have been recognized to date. However, the detection of prions in the urine of
experimental animals and in some urine-based preparations, and the young age of
fertility drug recipients, require the application of the precautionary
principle to urinary preparations.
Keywords: Prion diseases, Urine-derived gonadotrophins, Transmissible
spongiform encephalopathy, Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, Prionuria,
Tissue infectivity
Friday, March 25, 2011
Detection of Prion Protein in Urine-Derived Injectable Fertility Products by a Targeted Proteomic Approach
http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2011/03/detection-of-prion-protein-in-urine.html
Friday, August 10, 2012
Incidents of Potential iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) biannual
update (July 2012)
North America has NO surveillance system for iatrogenic CJD. a few mishaps
of late ;
Tuesday, July 31, 2012
11 patients may have been exposed to fatal disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob
Disease CJD Greenville Memorial Hospital
Thursday, August 02, 2012
CJD case in Saint John prompts letter to patients Canada CJD case in Saint
John prompts letter to patients
Friday, June 29, 2012
Highly Efficient Prion Transmission by Blood Transfusion
Sunday, June 3, 2012
A new neurological disease in primates inoculated with prion-infected blood
or blood components
Thursday, August 16, 2012
Blood products, collected from a donor who was at risk for variant
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ( vCJD) USA JUNE, JULY, AUGUST 2012
Wednesday, May 16, 2012
Alzheimer’s disease and Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy prion
disease, Iatrogenic, what if ?
Proposal ID: 29403
Monday, August 13, 2012
Summary results of the second national survey of abnormal prion prevalence
in archived appendix specimens August 2012
RedCross Request Jerome H. Holland Laboratory is collecting small volumes
of blood from patients afflicted with various forms of transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies (TSE)/prion diseases and their blood-related family members
2012
UPDATED INFORMATION AUGUST 2012
REDCROSS REQUEST
The American National Red Cross (Red Cross) Jerome H. Holland Laboratory
for Biomedical Research in Rockville, Maryland is collecting small volumes of
blood from patients afflicted with various forms of transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies (TSE)/prion diseases and their blood-related family members.
The purpose of the research is to build a blood sample repository for studies on
ways to detect the presence of prion protein or other markers of the disease in
human blood.
Recent epidemiological evidence indicates that blood of patients with
variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), that is prevalent in the
United Kingdom, is infectious.
The questions about the possibility that blood from patients with the
sporadic and familial forms of TSE might also be infectious is still not
resolved even though 10 years of searching has not revealed any examples of
blood-related transmission from patients with these non-variant forms of
disease.
The development of a blood test to identify affected people in the
pre-clinical stage of disease could eliminate the uncertainty about TSE-related
blood safety. Some tests have been successful for testing animals infected with
TSEs, but in order to know if any test will be reliable in humans, we need to
test human blood.
CJD patients and their families are the only source of blood specimens that
can answer this question, and we therefore ask you to support our effort.
If you or an affected relative is interested in participating, please
contact the name listed below. No more than 50 ml of blood should be collected
at a location convenient to you through your own arrangements with your
physician and the blood sample should be sent to the Holland Laboratory at no
cost to you. The samples will be processed and stored, frozen indefinitely, at
the Holland Laboratory in Rockville, Maryland. The Red Cross will provide access
to only designated research staff at the Red Cross or other research groups that
have provided convincing evidence for a test to detect TSE in animals.
Participating individuals will NOT be notified about test results because
the tests that will be performed on blood are experimental and their
significance is not known and will remain uncertain for some years to come. The
CJD foundation will be notified of any publications coming from our research.
Contact information:
Dr. Larisa Cervenakova; Phone: 301-738-0765; e-mail:
cervenakl@usa.redcross.org
Dr. Larisa Cervenakova
Senior Scientist, Biomedical Services
American Red Cross
15601 Crabbs Branch Way
Rockville, MD 20855
(240) 314-3536 (p)
(240) 888-3615 (c)
(301) 610-4120 (f)
larisa.cervenakova@redcross.org
Coordinator for the CJD Lookback Study. The study is ongoing and we are
looking for blood donors who subsequently develop CJD.
Below is my contact information, please feel free to pass on my information
to those family members who want to participate in the Lookback Study.
Kerri Dorsey, MPH
Project Manager 1
American Red Cross
Holland Laboratory
Transmissible Disease Department
15601 Crabbs Branch Way
Rockville, MD 20855
Ph: 240-314-3523
Fax: 301-610-4121
END...TSS
CJD LOOKBACK STUDY
TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEETING
Thursday, June 2, 1999
CHAIRMAN BROWN: My name is Dr. Paul Brown. Welcome to the FDA traveling
road show. We are asked yet once more by the FDA to consider a question of
theoretical risk in the absence of sufficient knowledge on which to base any
firm conclusion. The issue before us today is that of excluding categories of
American blood donors who have either visited or resided for longer periods of
time in Great Britain. The issue is sufficiently delicate, as you see that we
have been moved outside the Beltway. (Laughter.)snip... "Dr. Alan Williams is
employed by the American Red Cross, Holland Labs,and is Scientific Adviser for
the Florida Blood Services and Canadian Blood Services. In addition, he has
financial interests in firms that could be affected by the general discussions.
"Dr. Richard Race has financial interests in firms that could be affected by the
general discussions and is a public health science researcher. "In the event
that the discussions involve specific products or specific firms for which FDA
participants have a financial interest, the participants are aware of the need
to exclude themselves from such involvement. And their exclusion will be noted
for the public record. A copy of the waivers is available by written request
under the Freedom of Information Act. "With respect to all other meeting
participants, we ask in the interest of fairness that they address any current
or previous financial involvement with any firm whose product they may wish to
comment upon." So ends the reading of the conflict of interest statement. Dr.
Brown, I turn the meeting over to you.snip...
Saturday, May 26, 2012
Are USDA assurances on mad cow case 'gross oversimplification'?
SNIP...
What irks many scientists is the USDA’s April 25 statement that the rare
disease is “not generally associated with an animal consuming infected
feed.”
The USDA’s conclusion is a “gross oversimplification,” said Dr. Paul Brown,
one of the world’s experts on this type of disease who retired recently from the
National Institutes of Health. "(The agency) has no foundation on which to base
that statement.”
“We can’t say it’s not feed related,” agreed Dr. Linda Detwiler, an
official with the USDA during the Clinton Administration now at Mississippi
State.
In the May 1 email to me, USDA’s Cole backed off a bit. “No one knows the
origins of atypical cases of BSE,” she said
The argument about feed is critical because if feed is the cause, not a
spontaneous mutation, the California cow could be part of a larger outbreak.
SNIP...
==============================================
Saturday, August 4, 2012
Final Feed Investigation Summary - California BSE Case - July 2012
=============================================
SUMMARY REPORT CALIFORNIA BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY CASE
INVESTIGATION JULY 2012
Summary Report BSE 2012
Executive Summary
Saturday, August 4, 2012
Update from APHIS Regarding Release of the Final Report on the BSE
Epidemiological Investigation
in the url that follows, I have posted
SRM breaches first, as late as 2011.
then
MAD COW FEED BAN BREACHES AND TONNAGES OF MAD COW FEED IN COMMERCE up until
2007, when they ceased posting them.
then,
MAD COW SURVEILLANCE BREACHES.
Friday, May 18, 2012
Update from APHIS Regarding a Detection of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
(BSE) in the United States Friday May 18, 2012
Monday, August 6, 2012
TAFS BSE in USA August 6, 2012
BSE in USA
Monday, July 23, 2012
The National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center July 2012
TSS
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